Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0709103-170420 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0709103-170420
論文名稱
Title
氮化鋯薄膜之特性與微觀組織之研究
The Study of Property and Microstructure of ZrN Thin Film
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
98
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-06-16
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-07-09
關鍵字
Keywords
微結構、氮化鋯、濺鍍
Sputtering, Microstructure, ZrN
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5642 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5642 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
本實驗為分析氮化鋯薄膜之特性與微觀組織之研究。使用反應性磁控濺鍍系統成長氮化鋯薄膜。將濺鍍後的氮化鋯薄膜經過不同時間及溫度的退火,以觀察晶粒變化及與基材間是否相互作用或擴散。
由XRD結果得知,ZrN/Al試片在600℃退火0.5及1小時後,ZrN薄膜隨著熱處理時間增長有(220)面擇優取向,晶界無鋁鋯化合物。在Al/ZrN/Si試片中,ZrN薄膜隨著熱處理時間增長有(200)面擇優取向,同時顯示出ZrSi2 及AlN的相。Cu/ZrN/Si試片在650℃及700℃退火1小時後,銅膜隨著熱處理溫度增長有(111)面擇優取向,同時顯示出更好的ZrN結晶性。
由TEM結果得知,ZrN/Al試片在600℃退火1小時後,界面無鋁鋯化合物的產生。而Al/ZrN/Si試片在600℃退火1.5小時後生成ZrSi2、AlN及α-Si3N4,但鋁與矽基板尚無反應物產生,所以尚未失去阻礙效果。而Cu/ZrN/Si試片在700℃退火1小時後生成CuZr2,但銅與矽基板尚無反應物產生,所以尚未失去阻礙效果。故結果顯示氮化鋯薄膜可作為銅或鋁與矽基版間很好的擴散阻礙層。

Abstract
In this experiment the characteristics and microstructure of ZrN films between Si and Cu or Al were investigated. The ZrN films were deposited by RF magnetron reactive sputtering system. The ZrN films were annealed at various temperatures in order to observe the grain growth and the inter-diffusion of atoms between interfaces.
X-ray analysis showed that in the ZrN/Al system the ZrN film has(220)preferred orientation after annealing at 600℃ for 1 hour. In the Al/ZrN/Si system of the same annealing condition, the ZrN film showed (200)preferred orientation with the concurrent formation of the ZrSi2 and AlN phases. In the Cu/ZrN/Si system, the Cu film showed (111)preferred orientation after annealing at 700℃ for 1 hour.
TEM analysis showed that in the ZrN/Al system there were no Al-Zr compound was found after annealing at 600℃ for 1 hour. In the Al/ZrN/Si system, although ZrSi2、AlN andα-Si3N4 were present after annealing at 600 ℃ for 1.5 hour, but the diffusion barrier is still effective. In the Cu/ZrN/Si system the CuZr2 was formed after annealing at 700℃ for 1 hour, but the diffusion barrier is also still effective. The results up to now suggest that ZrN layer can be a successful candidate as a diffusion barrier between Si and Cu or Al.

目次 Table of Contents
目錄
摘要 i
表目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅴ
1、前言 1
2、簡介 4
2-1擴散阻礙層 4
2-1.1擴散阻礙層的定義及特性 4
2-1.2擴散阻礙層的種類 5
2-2濺鍍原理 6
2-2.1輝光放電 7
2-2.2濺鍍裝置 9
2-3文獻資料 10
3、實驗步驟及方法 15
3-1氮化鋯薄膜成長 15
3-1.1實驗材料 15
3-1.2試片的清洗流程 15
3-1.3濺鍍的流程 15
3-1.4真空封管及退火 17
3-2 X光繞射分析 17
3-3掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 18
3-4穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 19
3-5電性量測 19
4、結果分析 20
4-1 X光繞射分析 20
4-2掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析 21
4-3穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)分析 22
4-4電阻率的分析 25
5、討論 27
5.1氮化鋯界面之擴散情形 27
5.2退火的影響 29
5.3擇優取向(preferred orientation) 30
5.4鋯、氮與氧間的關係 31
6、結論 32
7、未來研究方向 33
8、參考文獻 34


表目錄
表1 Cu、Al、Au、Ag與W等之物理性質 39
表2耐火性過渡金屬氮化物之薄膜性質 39
表3氮化鋯的基本性質 40
表4試片種類,製備條件 40
表5圖22(c)繞射環由內而外分析(ZrN/Al as-deposited) 41
表6圖23(c)繞射環由內而外分析(ZrN/Al經600℃ 1hr退火) 41
表7圖24(c)繞射環由內而外分析(ZrN/Al經600℃ 1hr退火) 41
表8圖25(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si as-deposited) 42
表9圖26(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si as-deposited) 42
表10圖27(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si經650℃ 1hr退火) 43
表11圖28(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si經650℃ 1hr退火) 43
表12圖29(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si經700℃ 1hr退火) 44
表13圖30(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Cu/ZrN/Si經700℃ 1hr退火) 44
表14圖31(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Al/ZrN/Si as-deposited) 45
表15圖32(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Al/ZrN/Si as-deposited) 45
表16圖33(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Al/ZrN/Si經600℃ 1.5hr退火) 46
表17圖34(c)繞射環由內而外分析(Al/ZrN/Si經600℃ 1.5hr退火) 46

圖目錄
圖1 擴散阻礙層示意圖 47
圖2 產生電漿之偏壓之模式 47
圖3 陰極暗區電壓分佈圖 48
圖4 射頻裝置的陰極電位變化與靜電流變化的關係 49
圖5 氮化鋯相圖 50
圖6四點探測儀的簡圖 51
圖7濺鍍瓦數200瓦、真空5mTorr、氬氣流量28sccm、氮氣流量N2=5,於鋁基材上濺鍍沈積10分鐘之擴散阻礙層的退火前後繞射圖 52
圖8濺鍍瓦數200瓦、真空5mTorr、氬氣流量28sccm、氮氣流量N2=5,於矽基材上濺鍍沈積10分鐘之擴散阻礙層後,再濺鍍沈積鋁材的退火前後繞射圖 53
圖9濺鍍瓦數200瓦、真空5mTorr、氬氣流量28sccm、氮氣流量N2=5,於矽基材上濺鍍沈積10分鐘之擴散阻礙層後,再濺鍍沈積銅材的退火前後繞射圖 54
圖10 ZrN-Al 薄膜SEM截面圖 55
圖11 Al/ZrN/Si 薄膜SEM截面圖 55
圖12 Cu/ZrN/Si 薄膜SEM截面圖 56
圖13 ZrN/Al試片as-deposited之平面二次電子影像 57
圖14 ZrN/Al試片經600℃ 0.5hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 57
圖15 ZrN/Al試片經600℃ 1hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 58
圖16 Al/ZrN/Si 試片as-deposited之平面二次電子影像 58
圖17 Al/ZrN/Si 試片經600℃ 0.5hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 59
圖18 Al/ZrN/Si 試片經600℃ 1.5hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 59
圖19 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片as-deposited之平面二次電子影像 60
圖20 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經650℃ 1hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 60
圖21 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經700℃ 1hr 退火之平面二次電子影像 61
圖22 ZrN/Al as-deposited試片表面型態之
(a)明視野圖 62
(b)暗視野圖 63
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表5) 63
圖23 ZrN/Al 試片經600℃ 1hr 退火之
(a)明視野圖 64
(b)暗視野圖 65
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表6) 65
圖24 ZrN/Al 試片經600℃ 1hr 退火另一區域之
(a)明視野圖 66
(b)暗視野圖 67
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表7) 67
圖25 Cu/ZrN/Si as-deposited試片表面型態之
(a)明視野圖 68
(b)暗視野圖 69
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表8) 69
圖26 Cu/ZrN/Si as-deposited試片另一區域表面型態之
(a)明視野圖 70
(b)暗視野圖 71
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表9) 71
圖27 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經650℃ 1hr 退火之
(a)明視野圖 72
(b)暗視野圖 73
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表10) 73
圖28 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經 650℃ 1hr退火另一區域之
(a)明視野圖 74
(b)暗視野圖 75
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表11) 75

圖29 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經700℃ 1hr 退火之
(a)明視野圖 76
(b)暗視野圖 77
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表12) 77
圖30 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片經 700℃ 1hr退火另一區域之
(a)明視野圖 78
(b)暗視野圖 79
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表13) 79
圖31 Al/ZrN/Si as-deposited試片表面型態之
(a)明視野圖 80
(b)暗視野圖 81
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表14) 81
圖32 Al/ZrN/Si as-deposited試片另一區域表面型態之
(a)明視野圖 82
(b)暗視野圖 83
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表15) 83
圖33 Al/ZrN/Si 試片經600℃ 1.5hr 退火之
(a)明視野圖 84
(b)暗視野圖 85
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表16) 85
圖34 Al/ZrN/Si 試片經 600℃ 1.5hr退火另一區域之
(a)明視野圖 86
(b)暗視野圖 87
(c)電子繞射圖(鑑定於表17) 87
圖35 ZrN-Al試片在不同退火時間所量測之薄膜電阻率 88
圖36 Al/ZrN/Si 試片在不同退火時間所量測之片電阻變化 88
圖37 Cu/ZrN/Si 試片在不同退火溫度所量測之片電阻變化 89
圖38 Cu-Zr相圖 90
圖39 Si-Zr相圖 91
圖40 Si-Cu相圖 92
圖41 Al-Zr相圖 93
圖42 Al-Si相圖 94
圖43 JCPDS CARD 35-0753 95
圖44 JCPDS CARD 27-1402 95
圖45 JCPDS CARD 04-0787 96
圖46 JCPDS CARD 25-1133 96
圖47 JCPDS CARD 32-1499 97
圖48 JCPDS CARD 41-0360 97
圖49 JCPDS CARD 04-0836 98
圖50 JCPDS CARD 18-0466 98
參考文獻 References
1.吳文發、黃麒峰,奈米通訊。第六卷第四期,銅製程之擴散阻障層。
2.楊春美,” 濺鍍氮化鋯擴散阻礙層特性之研究 ”,國立中山大學材料科學研究所碩士論文(民國九十年六月)。
3.汪裕閔,”磁控濺鍍氮化鋯薄膜特性研究 ”,國立中山大學材料科學研究所碩士論文(民國九十一年六月)。
4.I. Sun, Maenpa M-A. Nicolet and M. Lumoajarvi, “Thermal Stability of Hafnium and Titanium Nitride Diffusion Barrier in Multilayer Contacts to Silicon” J.Eletrochem. Soc., 103 (1983) 1215-1218
5.L. K, Elbaum, M.Wittmer, C.Y.Ting and J.J.Cuomo,“ZrN Diffusion Barrier in Aluminum Metallization Schemes”, Thin Solid Films, 104(1983)81-87
6.H. P. Kattelus, M.A. Nicolet, “Chap.8 Diffusion Barrier in Semiconductor Contact Metallization”, edited by D. Gupta and P.S. Ho(Noyes Pulication, New Jersy, 1988),pp432
7.T. Kawanobe, K. Miyamoto, Y. Inabe and H. Okudaura, Proc. IEEE 31st ECC,May(1981),p.149
8.B. Campman, “Chap.3 Plasma”, Glow Discharge Process, (JohnWiley and Sons, New York, USA, 1980)
9.陳力俊主編,“微電子材料與製程”,中國材料科學學會,(民國八十八年十一月)。
10.王志良,”濺鍍硼化鈦與氮硼化鈦擴散阻礙層特性之研究”,國立成功大學材料科學暨工程學系碩士論文,(民國八十八年六月)
11.J. L. Vossen and W. Kerm, ”Thin Film Process”, Academic Proc.(1991)134
12.”磁控濺射技術介紹”,誠真企業有限公司,P1
13.W. D. Westwood, “Chap. 9 Reactive Sputter deposition”, Handbook of Plasma Processing Technology, (Noyes Publication, Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA, 1990)
14.D. L. Smith, “Thin-Film Deposition Principles and Practice”, The
McGraw-Kill Companies, Inc. 483-499(1999)
15.M. Ohring, “Chap. 3 Physical Vapor Deposition”, The Materials Science of Thin Films, (Academic Press, UK, 1992)
16.B. Campman, J. Wiley and Sons,”Chap.6 Sputtering”, Glow Discharge Process, New York 1980
17.M. Nose, M. Zhou, E. Honbo, M. Yokota, and S. Saji, “Colorimetric Properties of ZrN and TiN Coatingd Prepared by DC Reactive Sputtering”, Surface and Coatings Technology 142-144(2001)211-217
18.L. Krusin-Elbaum and M. Wittmer, “Oxidation Kinetics of ZrN Thin Films”, Thin Solid films 107(1983)111-117
19.H. Randhawa, “Hard Coatings for Decorative Applications”, Surface and Coatings Technology 36(1988)829-836
20.H. N. Al-Shareef, X. Chen, D.J. Lichtenwalner, and A. I. Kingon, “Analysis of the Oxidation Kinetic and Barrier Layer Properties of ZrN and Pt/Rn Thin Films for DRAM Applications”, Thin Solid films 280(1996)265-270
21.R. A. Andrievski, I. A. Anisimova, V. P. Makarov, and V. P. Pova, “Grain Size and Recrystallization of TiN, ZrN, NbN, and CrN Alloyed and Multiplayer films”, Thin Solid films 261(1995)83-86
22.P. Panjan, B. Navinsek, A. Zabkar, V. Marinkovic, D. Mandrino and J. Fiser. “Structural Analysis of Zr-N and Ti-N Films Prepared by Reactive Plasma Beam Deposition”, Thin Solid films 228(1993)233-237
23.I. Penttinen, J. M. Molarius, and A. S. Korthonen, “Structure and Composition of ZrN and (Ti,Al)N Coatings”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A6(1988)2158-2161
24.M. Takeyma, S. Kagomi, A. Noya, and K. Sakanishi “Application of Amorphous Cu-Zr Binary Alloy as a Diffusion Barrier in Cu/Si Systems”, J. Appl. Phys.80(1996)569-573
25.L. Krusin-Elbaum, M. Wittmer, C. Y. Ting and J. J. Cuomo, “ZrN Diffusion Barrier in Aluminum Matallizaion Schemes”, Thin Solid films 104(1983)81-87
26.M. B. Takeyma, A. Noya, and K. Sakanishi, “ Diffusion Barrier Properties of ZrN Films in the Cu/Si Contact Systems”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18(2000)1333-1337
27.The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors,1997 Edition,Semiconductor Industry Association (Semiconductor Industry Association San Jose,CA,1997)
28.P.L. Rossiter , The Electrical Resistivity of Metals and alloys, (Cambridge University Press, New York,1987)
29.E. Ivanov, Thin Solid Films,1332,325(1998)
30.M. T. Wang, C. Y. L. and M. C. Chen, J. Electrochem. Soc.,145,2538(1998)
31.A. Straboni, L. Pichon, and T. Girardeau, ”Production of stable and metastable phases of zirconium nitrides by NH3 plasmanitridation and by double ion beam sputtering of zirconium films”, Surface and Coatings Technology,125(2000)100-105
32.P. Panjan, ”Oxidation of TiN,ZrN,TiZrN,CrN,TiCrN and TiN/CrN multilayer hard coatings reactively sputtered at low temperature”, Thin solid films,281-282(1996)298-301
33.A. Zalar, E. W. Seibt, and P. Panjan, ”Oxide thin films formed during rotational AES sputter depth profiling of Ni/Cr multilayers using oxygen ions”, Applied Surface Science,vol 100-101(1996)92-96
34.A. Zalar, S. Hofmann, D. Kohl, and P. Panjan,”Characterization of intermetallic phases and oxides formed in annealed Ni/Al multilayer structures”, Thin solid films,270(1995)341-345
35.M. B. Takeyama, A. N. and K. Akanish, ”Diffusion barrier properties of ZrN films in the Cu/Si contact system”, J.Vac.Sci.Technol. B18(3), May/Jun 2000, p1333-1337
36.L. Pichon, A. Straboni, T. Girardeau and M. Drouet, ”Nitrogen and oxygen transport and reactions during plasma nitridation of zirconium thin films”, Journal of Applied Physics, volume 87, number 2, 15 January 2000,p925-932
37.G. Sad, and J. Pelleg, “Co-sputtered TiB2 as a diffusion barrier for advanced microelectronics with Cu”, Applied Surface Science,91,263(1995)
38.K. C. Park and K. B. Kim, ”Effect of annealing of titanium nitride on the diffusion barrier property in Cu metallization”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142(1995)3109-3115
39.C. S. Shin, D. Gall, P. Desjardins, A. Vailionis, H. Kim, I. Petrov and J. E Greene, ”Growth and physical properties of epitaxial metastable cubic TaN(001)”, Applied. Phys. Letters, 75(1999)3808-3810
40.L. Doucet, A. Brun, H. Jaouen, M. Dupeux, and M. Ignat, “Stress temperature behavior and stress relaxation in Ti/Al-0.5%Cu/TiN and TiN/W thin films”, MRS., 403(1996)657-662
41.C. K. Huang, and S.Q. Wang, “Thin Ti/TiN barrier for ULSI application”, MRS.,403(1996)495-499
42.S. Q. Wang, J. Brand, S. Sailesh, R. Shailesh and K. B. kin, “Reactive Sputtered TiN as a Diffusion Barrier Between Cu and Si”, J.Appl. Phys., 68(1990) 5176-5178
43.R. S., R.B. Inturi, and J. A. Barnard “Effect of thickness and substrates on the mechanical properties of tantalum and tantalum nitride thin films”, MRS., 403(1996)259-264
44.H. E. Boyer , and T. L. Gall, “metals handbook desk edition”, 1.42;7.2;7.5;7.11;20.36
45.汪建民主編,”ceramic technology handbook”,(1994) pp.797-799
46.Editor in chief Rpber C. Weast, Ph. D., ”handbook of chemistry and physic 53RD,(1972-1973)” D-52;B-22;B-197;D-72;D-136;E-47;E-48
47.E. A. Brandes, Smithell’s Metals Reference Book, Butterworths, London(1985)
48.O.Kubaschewski, E. L. U. Evans and C. B. Alcock, ”Metallurgical Thermochemistry”Pergamon,Oxford,1967,p384
49.J. Pearson and U. J. C. Ende, “ΔG (formation) of metal nitrides”, J.Iron Steel Inst.(1953) 175 52
50.K. Maex and M. V. Rossum, “Ternary Phase Diagrams for TM-Si-N Systems”, Properties of Metal Silicides, P 108, INSPEC, London(1995)
51.M. B. Takeyama, ”Application of amorphous Cu-Zr binary alloy as a diffusion barrier in Cu/Si contact system”, J.Apply.Phys.80(1),1 July 1996,569-573
52.T.B. Massalski, H.Okamoto, P. R. Subranian and L. Kacprzak, ”Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams”, The materials information sociaty
53.J. Li, J. W. Strane, S. W. Russell, S. Q. Hong and J. W. Mayer, ”Observation and prediction of first phase formation in binary Cu-metal thin films”, J.Appl.Phys.72(7),1 October 1992pp.2810-2816
54.J. H. Huang, C. H. Lin, and H. Chen, “Ion Beam Assisted Deposition of TiN Thin Film on Si (100)”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 59(1999)49-56
55.M. Yoshitake, K. Takiguchi, Y. Suzki, and S. Ogawa, “Effects of Oxygen Pressure In Reactive Ion Beam Sputter Deposition Of Zirconium Oxides”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6(1988)2326-2332
56.O. Kubaschewski, E. L. U. Evans and C. B Alcock, ”Metallurgical Thermochemistry” Pergamon, Oxford, 1967, p384
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外均不公開 not available
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 18.224.149.242
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 18.224.149.242
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code