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博碩士論文 etd-0709104-181420 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0709104-181420
論文名稱
Title
摩擦旋轉攪拌製程對AZ31鎂合金晶粒細化之研究
Grain Size Refinement in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Friction Stir Processing
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
185
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-06-30
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-07-09
關鍵字
Keywords
鎂合金、摩擦旋轉攪拌製程、微結構組織、熱機處理製程
thermomechanical processing, microstructure, magnesium alloy, friction stir processing
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5690 times, has been downloaded 760 times.
中文摘要
本論文介紹了摩擦旋轉攪拌技術之原理機構及最新發展,並研究探討摩擦旋轉攪拌製程用於AZ31鎂合金的基礎性質及摩擦旋轉攪拌製程對AZ31鎂合金的改質和晶粒細化;並系統性的探討摩擦旋轉攪拌製程所得之晶粒大小與其工作應變速率及溫度之相關性,並使用Zener-Holloman參數來量化其關係,以及使用X光繞射分析研究銲道之晶粒取向。
摩擦旋轉攪拌製程(Friction Stir Process, FSP)為一良好之晶粒細化技術,在本實驗中可發現FSP對AZ31鎂合金有明顯晶粒細化效果,最佳可達原本母材之0.8%大小,並可使得銲道區硬度值上升73%;而製程參數設定對銲後材料性質有顯著影響,隨著轉速上升(製程熱量上升),於銲道動態再結晶區晶粒大小亦上升。經FSP之AZ31鎂合金,銲道區之晶粒大小與硬度值可以Hall-Petch關係式解釋。在AZ31鎂合金,FSP之應變數率與溫度區間與擠型所得相近,且其Zener-Holloman參數與晶粒大小(d)間的相互關係與擠型、拉伸等變形機制之基本趨勢相符合,故可驗證FSP過程實為一塑性變形之過程。
FSP對銲後材料之晶粒取向有決定性影響,對於柱狀HCP鎂合金,經FSP後為平躺在銲道上,其(0002)面恰平行於銲道之橫截面,與銲接時凸梢前進方向垂直。而具析出物之AZ91D鎂合金因受析出物影響,在FSP後,其晶粒取向呈現較random之趨勢。比較AZ31鎂合金鑄錠材與擠型材,雖為同種合金,但起始母材性質不同,經FSP所得結果亦約略不同。因此材料經FSP後性質無絕對固定性,而是隨著不同之母材而不同。
對於鎂合金之晶粒細化,可以降低轉速即應變速率與提高前進速度以降低製程所產生之溫度與熱量;及配合適當的冷卻方式以快速排出製程熱量或減少變形過程中的熱循環過程達到晶粒細化之目的。
Abstract
This book has the introduction of the friction stir welding and friction stir processing, and introduces the newest development in FSW.Finding out the appropriate paraments of the grain size refinement in AZ31 Mg. The relationship between the resulting grain size and the applied working strain rate and temperature for the friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg is systemically examined. The Zener-Holloman parameter is utilized in rationalizing the relationship. The grain orientation distribution is also studied using the X-ray diffraction.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄……………………………………………………………I
表目錄…………………………………………………………IV
圖目錄…………………………………………………………V
論文摘要………………………………………………………XIV
第一章 研究背景與方向……………………………………1
1.1 鎂合金的發展與應用……………………………1
1.2 鎂合金的基本特性………………………………2
1.2.1 鎂合金的分類與特性…………………………………2
1.2.2 鎂合金的銲接性質…………………………………5
1.3 傳統銲接技術……………………………………………5
1.3.1 氣體銲接法…………………………………………6
1.3.2 被覆金屬電弧銲法…………………………………6
1.3.3 摩擦銲接………………………………………………7
1.3.4 惰性氣體電弧銲接……………………………………7
1.3.5 電子束銲接與雷射銲接………………………………8
1.4 摩擦旋轉攪拌銲接法(FSW)……………………………10
1.4.1 摩擦旋轉攪拌銲接原理與機構…………………10
1.4.2 摩擦旋轉攪拌銲接特性……………………………12
1.4.3 摩擦旋轉攪拌銲接優劣………………………………18
1.4.4 摩擦旋轉攪拌銲接之應用……………………………19
1.5 晶粒細化技術……………………………………………22
1.6 摩擦旋轉攪拌製程(FSP)………………………………24
1.6.1 利用FSP以製造極微細晶粒…………………………25
1.6.2 FSP在銲道區的超塑性質………………………………26
1.6.3 FSP在金屬基複合材料(MMC)上的應用與異質材料的接合27
1.6.4 工具頭的磨耗現象………………………………………28
1.7 織構分析……………………………………………………29
1.7.1 X-ray 繞射法…………………………………………29
1.7.2 背向繞射微織構分析法(EBSD) ……………………29
1.8 研究動機與規劃……………………………………………30
第二章 實驗方法………………………………………………32
2.1 實驗材料及處理……………………………………………32
2.2 摩擦旋轉攪拌製程…………………………………………32
2.3 微硬度試驗…………………………………………………33
2.4 拉伸試驗……………………………………………………33
2.5 光學顯微鏡之觀察…………………………………………34
2.6 掃瞄式電子顯微之觀察…………………………………34
2.7 X光繞射分析………………………………………………34
2.8 穿透式電子顯微鏡之觀察…………………………………35
第三章 實驗結果……………………………………………36
3.1 摩擦旋轉攪拌製程銲道外觀與型態………………………36
3.2 微晶粒組織觀察……………………………………………37
3.3 溫度量測觀察………………………………………………39
3.4 微硬度試驗…………………………………………………40
3.5 拉伸測試結果……………………………………………42
3.6 X光繞射分析……………………….………………………43
3.7 製程設定及工具頭黏滯問題之改善………………………44
第四章 討論……………………………………………………46
4.1 AZ31鑄錠材與擠型材FSP之差異……………………………46
4.2 應變速率與溫度………………………………………………46
4.3 Zener-Holloman參數與晶粒大小之關係…………………47
4.4 晶粒取向關係………………………………………………49
第五章 結論…………………………………………………51
參考文獻…………………………………………………………53
表…………………………………………………………………60
圖………………………………………………………………70
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