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博碩士論文 etd-0709109-014527 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0709109-014527
論文名稱
Title
聚丙烯回收熱熔排氣之臭氧洗滌串連活性碳除臭研究
Development of an ozone scrubbing-activation process for odor control of fumes generated from recycled polypropylene fusion operations
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
194
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2009-06-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2009-07-09
關鍵字
Keywords
異味、臭氧氧化、洗滌、聚丙烯熱熔廢氣、活性碳
scrubbing, ozone oxidation, odor, activated carbon, polypropylene fusion gas
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5658 次,被下載 5177
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5658 times, has been downloaded 5177 times.
中文摘要
台灣地區異味污染陳情事件逐年增加,已成為現今空氣污染的重要課題。本研究期望能研發有效且符合經濟效益的技術,去除聚丙烯塑膠回收熱熔產生之異味。研究先利用生物滴濾塔、乾式臭氧氧化、濕式臭氧氧化等方式去除異味,選其較佳去除方式進行操作參數試驗,最後利用三點比較式嗅袋法獲知異味濃度降低效果。
研究實驗設備主要由0.17 m(L)×0.17 m(W)×1.2 m(H)洗滌塔(填入0.018 m3之馬鞍型陶瓷濾材或蛇木屑)、循環水槽、烘箱構成。本實驗先將聚丙烯放入烘箱內,加熱至工廠製程溫度160、200℃模擬實場產生之異味,廢氣進入至塔內進行反應,另外臭氧氧化法後皆串連活性碳。
塑膠熱熔溫度控制在160℃產生廢氣,經生物滴濾塔後之異味相較於入口異味約可降低55%。若塑膠加熱至200℃,經生物滴濾塔後異味約可降低70%。
利用水洗、乾式臭氧氧化及濕式臭氧氧化方式去除異味。實驗結果顯示,濕式臭氧氧化方式去除異味較水洗及乾式臭氧氧化佳。進一步探討濕式臭氧氧化之空塔停留時間(Empty Bed Retention Time, EBRT)、臭氧濃度、廢氣THC濃度(Total Hydrogen Carbon, THC)、液/氣比(Liquid/Gas, L/G)等參數對異味及揮發性有機物去除之影響,期能找出最佳操作條件。
實驗結果顯示,不同EBRT(37.1-9.71s)與不同進流廢氣濃度(10-70 ppm)對VOCs及異味去除率差異性不大。進氣添加不同臭氧濃度(2-6 ppm)試驗結果顯示,臭氧添加濃度與VOCs去除率成正比。不同液/氣比(0-0.05)實驗結果得知,液/氣比在0-0.03間,隨著循環洗滌流量增加,VOCs去除率有增加的趨勢;但在液/氣比為0.05,洗滌塔出口之VOCs去除率反而稍微降低,此試驗得知液/氣比最佳操作參數為0.03時,臭氧對VOCs去除率較佳。
經過臭氧氧化洗滌後,丙烯與1-己烯去除率100 %、丙酮83.4 %及正壬烷65.5 %等,可推測臭氧可能與烯類直接反應成酮類。經過活性碳床後,丙烯、1-己烯及異丁烷VOCs去除率達100 %、丙酮則為83.2 %等。經處理後排氣之異味,可能主要是丙酮及甲基異丁基甲酮所組成。
480 g聚丙烯塑膠加熱至200 ℃,以4.0 ppm臭氧及6 L/min循環水條件下進行臭氧氧化洗滌,經臭氧氧化洗滌後VOCs去除率為60 %,經過活性碳床後VOCs去除率達67 %。以三點比較式嗅袋法檢測知,臭氧氧化洗滌異味可去除率58 %,臭氧洗滌串連活性碳方式可去除約70 %之聚丙烯回收熱熔排氣異味。經濟評估顯示,以「臭氧洗滌-活性碳吸附」除臭,每1,000 m3排氣之處理操作費用估算為NT$ 9.57。
Abstract
Since odor-complaint events have been increased year by year in Taiwan, odor control has become an important issue in the air pollution control field. Thus, this paper attempted to investigate if “ozone scrubbing-activation carbon adsorption” is feasible for efficiently reducing the odor intensity of vented gas from recycled polypropylene (PP) fusion operations.
A pilot scrubber (0.17 m L ×0.17 m W ×1.2m H, packed with Intalox saddles to a total volume of around 0.018 m3) was used for the feasibility test. Odorous gases vented from the fusing operation kept at 200 ℃ in a temperature-controlled oven were used as the target waste gases. Results indicated that with operation conditions of VOCs (as methane) 10-40 ppm, an ozone concentration of 4.0 ppm in the influent gas, a liquid/gas (L/G) ratio of 0.030 L/m3 in the scrubber, and an empty bed retention time of around 9.7 s in the packed section, around 60% of the VOCs in the influent gas was removed. Most alkenes in the gas were converted into sweet-smell ketones in the ozonated gas. Vented gas from the scrubber was further treated by a granulated activated carbon (GAC) adsorption column with an EBRT of less than 1 s for the gas. An overall VOC removal of around 70% was observed for the full ozonation-GAC process. Only trace amounts of original fume-like and sweet-ketone smells were detected in the treated gases. A test indicated that the overall odor (expressed as the dilution to threshold D/T value) removal was around 70% and the D/T were 733, 309, and 232, respectively, for the influent, ozonation-scrubbing effluent, and GAC effluent. It was estimated that the cost is around NT$ 9.57 for treating 1,000 m3 of the teat gas by the system. Efforts should be made by decreasing the cost by other alternative technologies.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌....... I
摘要....... II
Abstract. IV
目錄....... VI
圖目錄... IX
表目錄... XII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究內容與架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 塑膠簡介 3
2-2 塑膠回收再生概論 3
2-3 聚丙烯(PP, polypropylene) 7
2-3.1 聚丙烯(PP, polypropylene)危害 8
2-4 異味 9
2-4.1 塑膠業異味來源及特性 14
2-4.2 異味測量 18
2-4.3 異味處理技術 20
2-5 高級氧化處理-臭氧 24
2-5.1 臭氧基本性質 24
2-5.2 臭氧產生 26
2-5.3 臭氧與有機物作用 27
2-5.4 臭氧分析 29
2-5.5 臭氧尾氣處理 31
2-5.6 臭氧去除揮發性有機物文獻 35
第三章 研究方法與設備 38
3-1 研究方法 38
3-1.1 實驗規畫 38
3-1.2 實驗步驟 39
3-2 實驗方法與步驟 40
3-2.1 實驗設備與系統 40
3-2.2 實驗裝置之用途及規格 44
3-2.3 試藥與氣體 45
3-2.4 分析儀器 46
3-3 預備實驗 47
3-3.1 實驗材料 47
3-3.2 檢量線及儀器校正 51
3-3.3 分析方法 57
第四章 結果與討論 61
4-1 聚丙烯特性 61
4-1.1 聚丙烯塑膠熔融特性試驗 61
4-1.2 聚丙烯回收熱熔排氣VOCs濃度及成分 65
4-2 生物滴濾塔 67
4-2.1 生物滴濾塔去除塑膠熱熔排氣之NMHC去除率 67
4-2.2 微生物生長情形 67
4-2.3 生物滴濾塔去除塑膠熱熔排氣之異味判定 70
4-3 水洗及臭氧串連活性碳試驗 71
4-3.1 水洗法、乾式及濕式臭氧氧化法之異味及VOC去除率比較 71
4-3.2 濕式臭氧氧化法之參數比較 73
4-3.3 臭氧添加與總有機碳(THC)去除率之關係 79
4-3.4 洗滌塔出口及活性碳出口之化合物去除率 80
4-3.5 異味判定(三點比較式嗅袋法) 82
4-3.6 碳平衡 84
4-3.7 活性碳吸附臭氧 86
4-4 操作成本評估 87
4-4.1 生物滴濾塔 87
4-4.2 臭氧氧化洗滌-活性碳吸附 88
第五章 結論與建議 91
5-1結論 91
5-2建議 93
參考文獻 94
附錄....... 100
附錄一:VOCs物化特性及MSDS 101
附錄二:聚丙烯熱熔試驗數據 103
附錄三:生物滴濾塔法數據 114
附錄四:臭氧氧化法數據 130
附錄五:三點比較式嗅袋法紀錄(排放管道測定用) 160
附錄六:碳平衡數據 163
附錄七:GC-MS分析數據 167
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