高雄之淨水場之消毒程序多使用氯作為消毒劑，會生成消毒副產物，其中以三鹵甲烷最常出現。由於三鹵甲烷之生成反應往往與其他水質項目具有一定之相關性，故本研究試圖以套裝統計軟體SPSS對三鹵甲烷與他項水質作一相關性分析，並以迴歸方法建立出高雄市都會區之三鹵甲烷生成預測模式；除了期望能於現地以更簡易之方法推估清水中三鹵甲烷之濃度，進而能以控制較其他水質項目以達到減少三鹵甲烷。
迴歸分析後可以發現，在TOC值較小之情況下，三鹵甲烷之生成量與溫度、pH及自由有效餘氯具有一定相關性，而相關程度中又以自由有效餘氯最高；但在TOC值較大時，以上三則水質項目與三鹵甲烷生成量之相關性較前述情況下了低許多，由此可知，TOC相較於其他水質項目具有較高的相關性，是更適合作為三鹵甲烷生成預測模式之參數。此外發現，預測模式中，多變量迴歸式之R2值往往較單變量迴歸式者為高，可能原因是三鹵甲烷生成反應複雜，故不易以單一水質項目作其生成模式。

Chlorine is always used in disinfection process of water treatment plant (WTP) in Kaohsiung, and the major of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is THMs. Reaction of THMs producing were found in relation to lots of factors of water quality. Therefore we used SPSS to analysis the relation between water quality and THMs content for making prediction model of THMs formation in water distribution system in downtown Kaohsiung city. It is expected to estimate the concentration of THMs with a simple method, and to reduce THMs by controlling some items of water quality.
While the variance of TOC value is low, we found that concentration of THMs is related to temperature, pH, and residual chlorine by regression method. In these items, residual chlorine had the highest correlation. While the variance of TOC value is high, the correlation between the three items and THMs is weaker than the front one. From this finding, TOC is best one fitting factor in prediction of THMs. In this study, we found that R-square value of Multivariate regression prediction is higher than the value of Univariate regression prediction probably for THMs producing is a complex reaction, so formation model was hard using only one item of water quality.

目 錄 I
表目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 高雄市自來水供應概述 3
2.1.1 水源現況 3
2.1.2 供水現況 4
2.1.3 水質現況 6
2.2 水中有機物之來源與影響 14
2.3 消毒副產物 17
2.4 三鹵甲烷 19
2.4.1 三鹵甲烷之分類 19
2.4.2 三鹵甲烷之生成機制與因素 20
2.4.3 三鹵甲烷之危害與影響 26
2.4.4 三鹵甲烷之管制 28
2.4.5 三鹵甲烷之控制與去除 29
2.5 統計分析 31
2.5.1 相關性分析 32
2.5.2 迴歸分析 32
第三章 實驗方法 33
3.1 研究流程之規劃 33
3.1.1 水質分析項目 34
3.1.2 現場採樣流程 34
3.2 分析方法 35
3.2.1 pH與水溫分析原理 38
3.2.2 餘氯分析原理 39
3.2.3 導電度分析原理 41
3.2.4 大腸桿菌群分析原理 42
3.2.5 總硬度分析原理 43
3.2.6 總三鹵甲烷分析原理 45
3.2.7 TOC分析原理 47
3.2 預測模式及相關性分析 50
第四章 結果與討論 53
4.1 各行政區水質比較 53
4.1.1 溫度 53
4.1.2 pH值 54
4.1.3 導電度 55
4.1.4 自由有效餘氯 56
4.1.5 總硬度 57
4.1.6 THMs 58
4.2各水質與THMs之相關性及預測模式建立 59
4.2.1 三民區 59
4.2.2 新興區 61
4.2.3 楠梓區 63
4.2.4 苓雅區 65
4.2.5 前金區 67
4.2.6 小港區 69
4.2.7 岡山區 71
4.2.8 前鎮區 73
4.2.9 鳳山區 75
4.2.10 大寮區 77
4.2.11 左營區 79
4.2.12 鼓山區 81
4.3 重要水質項目與THMs之相關探討 83
4.3.1 pH值與THMs之相關探討 83
4.3.2 溫度與THMs之相關探討 85
4.3.3自由有效餘氯與THMs之相關探討 87
4.3.4 水質背景探討 89
第五章 結論與建議 93
5.1 結論 93
5.2 建議 94

Amy, G. L., Debroux, J., Sinha, S., Brandhuber, P., Chao, J. (1998),
“Occurrence of Disinfection By-Products(DBPs) Precursors in Source
Waters and DBPs in Finished Water” The 4th International Workshop on Drinking Water Quality Management and Treatment Technology, pp.59-70.
Arbuckle, T.E., Hrudey, S.E., Krasner, S.W., Nuckols, J.R., Richardson,
S.D., Singer, P., Mendola, P., Dodds, L.,Weisel, C., Ashley, D.L., Froese, K.L., Pegram, R.A., Schultz, I.R., Reif, J., Bachand, A.M., Benoit, F.M., Lynberg, M., Poole, C., Waller, K., 2002. Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: report from an international workshop. Environ. Health Perspect. 110 (1), 53–60.
Batterman, S., Zhang, L., Wang, S. (2000), Quenching of chlorination
disinfection by-products formation in drinking water by hydrogen peroxide. Wat. Res., 34(5), 1652-1658.
Barber, L.B., Leenheer. J. A., Hsu J., 2001. Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology., 51,163–178.
Cantor, K.P., Lynch, C.F., Hildesheim, M.E., Dosemeci, M., Lubin, Alavanja, J., Craun, G., 1998. Drinking water source and chlorination
by-products: I. Risk of bladder cancer. Epidemiology 9 (1), 21–28.
Crozes, G., White, P., Marshall, M., 1995. “Enhanced coagulation: its effect on NOM removal and chemical costs” J. AWWA 87 (1), pp.78-89.
Gallard, H. and Gunten, U. V. (2002). Chlorination of natural organic matter: kinetic of chlorination and of THM formation. Wat, Res., 36, 65-74.
Golfinopoulos, S. K. (2000). The occurrence of trihalomethanes in the
drinking water in Greece. Chemosphere. 41, 1761-1767.
Hsu, C. H., Jeng, W. L., Chien, R. M. and Ham, B. C. (2001). Estimation of potential lifetime cancer risks for trihalomethanes from consuming
chlorinated drinking water in Taiwan. Environ. Res., Section A85,77-82.
Hong, H.C., Liang Y., Han B.P., Mazumder A., Wong M.H., 2007. Modeling of trihalomethane (THM) formation via chlorination of the water from Dongjiang River (source water for Hong Kong's drinking water). Science of The Total Environment.,385,48-54.
Jacangelo, J. G., Demarco, J., Owen, D. M., and Randtke, S. J., 1995. Selected Processes for Removing NOM: an Overview. Journal American Water Supply Work Association, 87(1), 64-77.
Khan, E., R. W. Babcock, I. H. Suffet and M. K. Stenstorm, (1998), “Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon for Indicating Wastewater Reclaimation Plant Performance and Treated Wastewater Quality” Wat. Environ. Res., Vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 1033-1040.
Korshin, G. V., M. M. Benjamin and R. S. Sletten, (1997), “Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter(NOM) on Iron Oxide: Effects on NOM Composition and Formation of Organo-Halide Compounds During Chlorination” Wat. Res., Vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 1643-1650.
Krasner, S. W., Croue, J. P., Buffle, J., and Perdue, E. M. “Three Approaches for Characterizing NOM.” Jour. AWWA, 88(6), pp.66~79, 1996.
Leenheer, J. A., G. K. Brown, P. Maccarthy and S. E. Cabaniss,(1998), “Models of Metal Binding Structures in Fulvic Acid From the Suwannee River, Georgia” Environ. Sci Technol., Vol. 32, No.16 , pp. 2410-2416.
Marhaba, T. F., Van, D., Lippincott, R. L., Rapid identification of dissolved organic matter fractions in water by spectral fluorescent signatures. Water Research., 34, 3543–3550.
Martin, M. B., Croue, J. P., Lefebvre, E. and Legube, B. (1997) “Distribution and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter of Surface Waters”, Wat. Res., Vol. 31, pp. 541-553.
Noblet, J., L. Schweitzer, E. Ibrahim, K. D. Stolzenbach, L. Zhou and I. H. Suffet, (1999) “Evaluation of a Taste and Odor Incident on The Ohio River” Wat. Sci. Tech., Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 185-193.
Nokes, C.J, E. Fenton, Randall C.J., 1999. Modelling the formation of brominated trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking waters. Water Research., 33, 3557–3568.
Rathbun, R.E., 1996. Bromine incorporation factors for trihalomethane formation for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Science of The Total Environment., 192, 111-118.
Rodriguez, M. J. and Serodes, J. (2001). Spatial and temporal evolution of trihalomethanes in three water distribution system. Wat. Res., 35, 1572-1586.
Siddiqui, M. S., G. L. Amy and B. D. Murrhy, (1997), “Ozone enhanced removal of natural organic matter from drinking water sources” Wat. Res., Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 3098-3106.
Singer, P. C. 1999. Humic substance as precursors for potentially harmful
disinfection by-products. Water Sci. Tech., 40(9), 25-30.
Trussell, R. R., and Posner, A. M. (1978). Gel chromatography of humic
acid. J. Soil Sci., 22, 237-317.
Trussell, R. R., Umphres, M. D. (1978). The formation of trihalomethanes. Journal AWWA. 70(11), 604-612.
李丁來，2003，大高雄地區自來水後續改善工程計畫簡介，中華民國自來水協會會刊，第22卷，第4期。
樓基中，2005，95年度高雄市集合式住宅水質調查輔導計畫，高雄市政府環境保護局研究計畫，合約編號：高市環局總字第48號。
張勝權、傅柳松、劉超、「自來水二氧化氯消毒控制三鹵甲烷研究，環境汙染治理技術與設備」，第5卷第1期，2004。
台灣省自來水公司七區管理處: http://www7.water.gov.tw/index.asp