摘 要

熱塑性聚二醚酮基材（PEEK）與碳纖維（AS-4）加強材複合積層板（APC-2）由於具有質輕、使用壽命長、高強度、耐腐蝕性佳、耐疲勞性佳、加工過程容易及耐溫性等優點，無論工業應用、航太工業上與國防科技都扮演舉足輕重的角色，但複合材料對於承受衝擊後所造成的損傷卻是相當敏感，故吾人對其受外力衝擊碰撞反應如何應作更深入之研究。本研究之目的在於探討複材在承受工作場所工具掉落或飛機起落時，跑道上石頭撞擊後造成複材構件在外觀上不易察覺之內部損傷，再加上環境也是一個不容忽視的變因。本文即針對此一材料，對 與 等多向積層板，在溫度為25℃、75℃與125℃之環境下承受衝擊端為圓錐形、半球形與平頭形衝頭以自由落錘式衝擊後，觀察其破壞模式並量測各試片之彈性模數及極限強度，進而探討積層板疊序，衝擊端形狀與環境溫度等參數所產生之影響。

在衝擊效應方面，由實驗結果可知，越銳利的衝頭所造成的積層板貫穿破壞程度越嚴重；以圓錐形衝擊後最為嚴重，半球形次之，平頭形為最小。但就衝擊後之殘留強度衰減量而言，則為半球形衝擊後強度衰減最為嚴重，圓錐形衰減量次之，平頭形衰減量最小。 試片承受衝擊後之殘留強度仍是優於 試片，但是在抵抗衝擊效應的能力上則是 試片較佳。而在溫度效應的影響方面，隨著環境溫度的上升， 與 試片其損傷範圍卻逐漸縮小，此乃因積層板之基材開始軟化，使得複材柔性變大（韌性變大），故造成局部性破壞小。在此階段， 試片承受衝擊後之損傷範圍與殘留強度衰減量皆比 試片來得大。

關鍵詞：複合材料、低速衝擊、溫度效應、彈性模數、極限強度

ABSTRACT
AS4/PEEK (APC-2) is a thermoplastic composite materials consisting of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) reinforced with AS4 carbon fibers. APC-2 has been widely used in many weight critical applications because of high specific strength and stiffness, good corrosion resistance, good formability and high temperature durability. However, the susceptibility of composite materials to damage result from low-velocity impacts (for example, from dropped tools, runway stones or hailstones) is a major problem. Low-velocity impact induces internal damage in the composite laminate without any visible sign on the surface, but it is result in a loss of laminate strength. This paper is aimed to investigate the mechanism and mechanical performance of [0/90] and [0/+45/90/-45] laminates subjected to Drop-Weight Impact by a cylindro-conical, a cylindro-hemisphere and a cylindrical impactor tip at temperature of 25℃, 75℃and 125℃.

The study of impact response and post impact strength of composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact shows that the failure mechanism is predominantly delamination and fiber breakage.
Generalizing the results of experiment, we can conclude that an impactor with a small nose (cylindro-conical) induces a larger impact-induced damage than one with a large nose (cylindrical), as well as a greater degree of fiber breakage. But for the reduction of post-impact strength, the cylindro-hemisphere impcator induces the most reduction of strength than the cylindro-conical and the cylindrical impactors. The post-impact residual strength of [0/90] specimens is higher than [0/+45/90/-45] specimens. But, [0/+45/90/-45] specimens are better to resist the impact effect. As for the effect of elevated temperature, we found that when the temperature increases, the damage extent reduces slowly.

Keywords: composite, low-velocity impact, temperature effect, young's modulus, ultimate strength

目錄…………………………………………………… Ⅰ
表目錄………………………………………………… Ⅲ
圖目錄………………………………………………… Ⅵ
中文摘要……………………………………………… XⅣ
英文摘要……………………………………………… XⅥ
第一章緒論…………………………………………… 1
1-1前言…………………………………………………1
1-2複合材料之簡介……………………………………2
1-3研究方向……………………………………………3
1-4文獻回顧……………………………………………5
1-5組織與章節…………………………………………8
第二章實驗工作……………………………………… 9
2-1材料性質……………………………………………9
2-2試片製作……………………………………………10
2-3儀器設備……………………………………………14
2-4實驗過程……………………………………………14
2-4.1衝擊實驗…………………………………………15
2-4.2 C-SCAN非破壞檢測…………………………… 15
2-4.3試片切割並編碼…………………………………16
2-4.4 機械性質測試………………………………… 17
第三章實驗結果……………………………………… 28
3-1積層板承受衝擊的影響……………………………28
3-2投影比較儀量測……………………………………29
3-3靜態拉伸實驗………………………………………31
3-3.1極限強度…………………………………………31
3-3.2衝擊後之殘留強度………………………………32
3-3.3衝擊後強度與彈性模數衰減程度………………33
3-4 C-SCAN非破壞檢測……………………………… 38
第四章比較分析與討論……………………………… 92
4-1低速衝擊效應之影響………………………………92
4-2環境溫度對衝擊效應之影響………………………97
4-3疊層之影響…………………………………………100
第五章 總結……………………………………………103
5-1結論…………………………………………………103
5-2建議…………………………………………………105
5-3未來展望……………………………………………106
參考文獻……………………………………………… 108

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