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博碩士論文 etd-0710115-151250 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0710115-151250
論文名稱
Title
含高鹽度石化廢水氨氮之硝化及脫硝研究
Study on the nitrification and denitrification of ammonia in high-salt petrochemical wastewater
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
95
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-06-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-08-10
關鍵字
Keywords
生物除氮、批次活性污泥法、石化廢水
petrochemical wastewater, Sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process, nitrification, denitrification
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5704 次,被下載 1767
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5704 times, has been downloaded 1767 times.
中文摘要
石油化學工業對台灣經濟發展貢獻甚大,部分石化製程排放廢水具有高濃度有機氮、氨氮及高鹽度等特性,使得廢水處理程序具一定難度。
本研究取台灣中南部某石化廠含氨氮(範圍33.0-94.0,平均63.5 mg/L)及鹽度(平均含氯離子6,220、硫酸根6,890 mg/L)之生物處理中廢水,利用5 L塑膠量杯為批次活性污泥(SBR)反應槽,進行廢水中氨氮硝化及後續脫硝反應。硝化反應週期為24小時,混合液懸浮固體物1,500-2,000 mg/L,進排水各為2公升廢水,滿水時反應體積為4公升;脫硝反應液溫度設定於25-35 oC、溶氧(DO)< 1 mg/L,反應時間8小時。
研究結果顯示,以含硝化菌污泥(果糖廢水污泥)植種可促進硝化反應,使供試石化廢水氨氮濃度降至符合法規標準(< 20 mg/L)。以9:1比例調配石化污泥和果糖污泥進行生物除氮,在硝化方面,以不同曝氣時間分別為6、9、24小時進行比較,其氨氮之硝化率分別為47、97及80 %;在脫硝方面,以添加甲醇、奶粉及砂糖比較效果,其個別最佳添加量為0.5mL和0.5 g到4 L系統,脫硝率分別為40、55和60 %。
以9:1果糖污泥最佳操作以曝氣9小時後,靜置15小時,接著添加砂糖0.5 g/(4 L)脫硝8小時,完成一系列生物除氮反應,此處理1 m3廢水所需藥品費用為NT$3.76。
Abstract
Petrochemical industries have great contributions to the economic development of Taiwan. However, some petrochemical processes emit wastewaters with high concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia and salinity, which makes the wastewaters difficult to be treated.
In this study, wastewater samples with ammonia nitrogen in the range of 33.0-94.0 and average 63.5 mg/L and salinity with average chloride of 6,220 and sulfate 6,890 mg/L were tested for nitrification of the ammonia contained therein followed by denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a total working volume of 4.0 L. The wastewater samples were taken from biological treatment ponds of a complex petrochemical plant located in central Taiwan. In the test, the nitrification reaction time was 24 hours with a daily water replacement rate of 2 liters and a mixed liquor suspended solids content in the range of 1,500-2,000 mg/L was kept during the reaction. The denitrification reaction was operated at a reaction time of 8 hours, a liquid temperature in the range of 25-35oC, and a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 1.0 mg/L.
Results show that the sludge seeded with nitrifying bacteria taken from a fructose-wastewater treatment plant could promote nitrification of the ammonia nitrogen in the test wastewater to a degree of less than the government regulation of < 20 mg/L with a nitrification time of over 9 hours. Denitrificatin liquor supplemented with a sucrose dose of 125 mg/L could achieve a denitrification efficiency of 60% in the agitation time of 8 hours.
Analysis indicates that the nitrification and denitrification cost a total of NT $ 3.76 for treating a cubic meter of the wastewater.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書i
謝誌ii
中文摘要iii
Abstract v
目錄 vi
表目錄ix
圖目錄x
第一章 前言1
1.1研究背景與動機1
1.2研究目的與內容3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1活性污泥法(Activated sludge process) 4
2.2批式活性污泥法(Sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process, SBR) 6
2.3生物除氮原理9
2.3.1生物硝化脫硝組合程序 9
2.3.2好氧相之硝化反應機制 11
2.3.3好氧相之硝化反應之影響因子12
2.3.4兼氧相之脫硝反應機制 14
2.3.5兼氧相之脫硝反應之影響因子15
2.4生物法之批次活性污泥進行硝化/脫硝相關文獻18
第三章 材料與方法24
3.1實驗架構24
3.2實驗設備25
3.3實驗材料28
3.4實驗流程29
3.4.1先期試驗及微生物馴養 29
3.4.2最佳方法試驗29
3.5檢測項目及分析方法30
第四章 結果與討論32
4.1石化業廢水水質特性分析32
4.2先期試驗及生物馴養33
4.2.1試驗方法篩選33
4.2.2馴養階段之硝化率37
4.3硝化速率及硝化率38
4.4無氧反應試驗44
4.5氮平衡 52
4.6硝化及脫硝費用55
4.6.1硝化菌污泥成55
4.6.2碳源成本56
第五章 結論與建議57
5.1結論57
5.2建議59
參考文獻60
附錄一:石油化學業放流水法規標準66
附錄二:供試廢水水質分析 71
附錄三:先期試驗及生物馴養73
附錄四:硝化及脫硝試驗77
附錄五:氮平衡計算數據84
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