摘　　要


　　在機構中兩元件間之接觸點的運動，常結合擠壓與滑動運動。其例子如：齒輪嚙合和受重負荷滾子元件軸承等。本研究以實驗的方法，探討在擠滑運動下之油膜微觀機制。

　　加裝雷射光學系統於起動摩擦試驗機，藉由光學干涉的原理精準的量測油膜厚度。以具有顯微鏡的高速攝影機記錄在微小接觸區中之潤滑油的動態特性。

　　結果顯示隨著擠壓速度的增加，凹坑的厚度會變厚。當滑動速度增加時，則凹坑的持續時間會縮短；但當擠壓負載增大時，凹坑則會維持較長的時間。此外，在相同的實驗條件下，提高鋼球的曲率半徑會使得凹坑直徑變大。

Abstract


　　The motion when two parting in machine into contact can combine squeeze and sliding motion. This situation does occur for example in the meshing of gear teeth and in heavily loaded rolling elements bearing etc. In this study, the experiment is used to investigate the microscopic mechanism of the oil film under the combined squeeze and sliding motion.

　　The laser optical system is employed in the starting friction tester to measure the film thickness accurately by the principle of optical interferometry. High-speed video camera with the microscope records the dynamic characteristics of lubrication in the diminutive contact region.

　　Results show that the dimple becomes deeper with increasing squeeze velocity. When sliding velocity increases, the duration of dimple becomes shorter, but when the squeeze load increases, the dimple can keep longer. Furthermore, the dimple diameter increases with increasing the curvature radius of steel ball at the same experiment condition.

總　目　錄

頁次
總目錄 i
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 ix
符號說明 x
中文摘要 xi
英文摘要 xii

第一章　緒論 1
1-1　前言 1
1-2　文獻回顧 3
1-2-1　光學干涉 3
1-2-2　影像分析 4
1-2-3　擠壓效應 5
1-2-4　凹坑效應 5
1-3　油膜厚度之量測方法 6
1-4　研究動機及本文重點 7
1-5　論文架構 8

第二章　基本原理 9
2-1　雷射 9
2-2　光源分析 12
2-2-1　白光觀測光源 12
2-2-2　雷射觀測光源 16
2-3　影像處理分析 18
2-4　擠壓運動模式 21
2-4-1　衝擊擠壓 21
2-4-2　等速擠壓 21
2-4-3　定負荷擠壓 22

第三章　實驗設備與實驗方法 23
3-1　實驗設備 23
3-1-1　光源系統 24
3-1-2　顯微觀測系統 25
3-1-3　潤滑系統 26
3-1-4　負荷系統 26
3-1-5　擠壓速度控制系統 27
3-1-6　滑動速度控制系統 28
3-1-7　量測系統 29
3-1-8　資料擷取、處理與分析系統 34
3-2　實驗材料 36
3-2-1　潤滑油性質 36
3-2-2　材料性質與試片規格 36
3-3　實驗條件 37
3-4　實驗步驟 38

第四章　實驗結果與討論 39
4-1　光源比較 39
4-1-1　Hertz接觸之幾何外型 39
4-1-2　純擠的油膜幾何外型 40
4-2　Hertz接觸 44
4-3　擠滑狀況下之油膜動態特性 47
4-3-1　負荷效應對油膜凹坑的影響 47
4-3-2　擠壓速度效應對油膜凹坑的影響 55
4-3-3　滑動速度效應對油膜凹坑的影響 60
4-3-4　曲率效應對油膜厚度的影響 65
4-4　油膜的持續時間 68
4-4-1　負荷效應與油膜持續時間的關係 68
4-4-2　擠壓速度效應與油膜持續時間的關係 72
4-4-3　滑動速度效應與油膜持續時間的關係 75
4-4-4　曲率效應與油膜持續時間的關係 78
4-5　接觸面間的摩擦係數 81

第五章　結論與未來展望 88
5-1　結論 88
5-2　未來展望 90

參考文獻 91

參　考　文　獻

1.I. Newton, Optics, Dover, New York, pp.193-224, (1952).
2.R. Gohar and A. Cameron “Optical Measurement of Oil Film Thickness under Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication”, Nature, V.200, N.4905, pp.458-459, (1963).
3.A. Jackson and A. Cameron, “An Interferometric Study of the EHL of Rough Surface”, ASLE Trans., V.19, N.1, pp.50-60, (1974).
4.Y. F. Yuan, D. R. Chen and X. M. Kong, “Measurement of Topography of Finished Ssurface by Frustrated Total Reflection (FTP)”, Wear, V.196, pp.60-63, (1996)
5.B. J. Griffiths, R. H. Middleton and B. A. Wilkie, “Conditioning Monitoring of the Grinding Process Using Light Scattering”, Wear, V.198, pp.39-45, (1996)
6.G. J. Johnson, R. Wayte and H. A. Spikes, “The Measurement and Study of Very Thin Lubricant Film in Concentrated Contacts”, Tribol. Trans., V.34, N.2 , pp.187-194, (1991)
7.M. Smeeth, H. A. Spike and S. Gunsel, “The Formation of Viscous Surface Film Bye Polymer Solutions Boundary or Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication”, Tribol. Trans., V.39, N.3 , pp.720-750, (1996)
8.Luo Jianbin, Qian Linmao, Wen Shan, Wen Liu and Wen Shizhu, “The Failure of Fluid Film at Nano-Scale”, Tribol. Trans., V.42, N.4, pp.912-916, (1999)
9.C. A. Forrd, W. C. Hammann and A. Cameron, ”Evaluation of Lubricants Using Optical Elastohydrodynamics”, ASLE Trans., V.11, N.1, pp.31-43, (1968).
10.L. Gustafsson, E. Hoglund and O. Marklund, “Measuring Lubricant Film Thickness with Image Analysis”, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., J, J. Eng. Tribol., V.208, N.3, pp.199-205, (1994).
11.P. M. Cann and H. A. Spikes, “The Development of a Spacer Layer Imaging Method (SLIM) for Mapping Elastohydrodynamic Contacts”, Tribol. Trans., V.39, N.4, pp.915-921, (1996).
12. M. Hartl, I. Krupka and M. Liska, “Differential Colorimetry： Tool for Evaluation of Chromatic Interference Patterns”, Opt. Eng., V.36, N.9, pp.2384-2391, (1997).
13.Luo Jianbin, Wen Shizhu and Huang Ping, “Thin Film Lubrication Part I: Study on the Transition between EHL and Thin Film Lubrication Using a Relative Optical Interference Intensity Technique”, Wear, V.194, pp.107-115, (1996)
14.H. Christensen, “The Oil Film in a Closing Gap”, Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A, V226, pp.312-328, (1962)
15.R. Larsson and E. Honglund, “Numerical Simulation of a Ball Impacting and Rebounding a Lubricated Surface”, ASME J. Tribol., V.117, pp.94-102, (1995)
16.G. R. Paul and A. Cameron, “An Absolute High-pressure Microviscometer Based on Refractive Index”, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, Math. Phys. Sci., V.331, pp.171-184, (1972)
17.D. Dowson and D. A. Jones, “Lubricant Entrapment Between Approaching Elastic Solids”, Nature, V.214, N.5091, pp.947-948, (1967).
18. N. Ren, D. Zhu and S. Z. Wen, “Experimental Method for Quantitative Analysis of Transient EHL”, Tribol. Int., V.24, N.4, pp.225-230, (1991).
19.P. L. Wong, S. Lingard and A. Cameron, “A Simplified Impact Microviscometer”, Tribol. Int., V.25, N.6, pp.363-366 (1992)
20.T. B. Lane and J. R. Hughes, “A Study of the Oil Film Formation in Gears by Electrical Resistance Measurements”, Br. J. Appl. Phys., V.3, N.10, pp.315-318, (1952).
21.溫詩鑄、楊沛然 著, “彈性流體動力潤滑”, 清華大學出版社, ISBN 7-302-01007-2(1992).
22.L. B. Sibley and F. K. Orcutt, “Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling-Contact Surface”, ASLE Trans., V.4, N.2, pp.234-245, (1961).
23.A. Dyson, H. Naylor and A. R. Wilson, “The Measurement of Oil-Film Thickness in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts”, Proceedings of Symposium on Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, Leeds, England, Inst. Mech. Eng., London, pp.76-91, (1965-1966).
24.B. J. Hamrock and D. Dowson, “Isothermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Point Contact Part-III Fully Flooded Results”, J. Lubr. Technol., V.99, N.2, pp.264-276, (1977)
25.楊沛然，“滾子間非定常潤滑油膜的研究”, 潤滑與密封, 1985年, 第三期.
26.M. T. Kirk, “Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Perspex”, Nature, V.194, N.4832, pp.965-966, (1962).
27.A. Cameron and R. Gohar, “Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Oil in Lubricated Point Contact”, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A291, pp.520-536, (1966).
28.C. A. Foord, W. C. Hamman and A. Cameron, “Evaluation of Lubricants Using Optical Elastohydrodynamics”, ASLE Trans., V.11, pp.31-43, (1968).
29.L. D. Wedeven, “Traction and Film Thickness Measurements under Starved Elastohydrodynamics Conditions”, J. Lubr. Technol., V.97, N.2, pp321-329, (1975)
30.H. E. Sliney, “Dynamics of Solid Lubrication as Observed by Optical Microscopy”, ASLE Trans., V.21, N.2, pp.109-117, (1978).
31.V. Cusano and H. E. Sliney, “Dynamics of Solid Dispersion in Oil during the Lubrication of Point Contacts, Part I-Graphite”, ASLE Trans., V.25, N.2, pp.183-189, (1982).
32.R. Gohar, “Elastohydrodynamics”, E. Horwood, ISBN 0-85312-820-0 (1998)
33.母國光、戰元齡 編, “光學”, 高等教育出版社, (1978)
34.趙凱華、鍾錫華 編, “光學”, 儒林圖書公司, (1997)
35.潘篤武、賈玉潤、陳善準 編著, “光學”, 復旦大學出版社, (1997)
36.Orazio Svelto, “Principles of Lasers”, Plenum Press, ISBN 0306308600, (1976)
37.Hans Koebner, “Industrial Applications of Lasers”, Wiley, ISBN 0471901156, (1984)
38.Edward H. Piepmeier, “Analytical Applications of Lasers”, Wiley, ISBN 0471870234, (1986)
39.J. Wilson and J.F.B. Hawkes, “Lasers, Principles and Applications”, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0135236975, (1987)
40.束越新　著, “顏色光學理論”, 山東科技出版社, (1981)
41.李亨　著, “顏色技術原理及其應用”, 科學出版社, (1997)