本研究是利用穿透式電子顯鏡探討5 vol.%氧化矽/氧化鋁複合材料燒結體之微結構.．
傳統球磨製程能得到粒徑均勻（＞200nm）的混合粉體，在16000C/1h，30MPa壓力的氮氣中燒結．
＞200nm的氧化矽位在晶界上，＜100nm的氧化矽在晶粒內，氧化矽顆粒阻礙晶界成長，造成晶界多為曲線．有大量的次晶界產生，其主要有兩種型式，（１）傾斜晶界（tilting boundary）和（２）差排網（network）．前者形成約0.10的低角度晶度，後者形是大於10．大量差排也被觀察，主要是＜1120＞，其它＜1010＞，＜1011＞和　　　＜2021＞也觀察到．

Hot-pressing sintering Al2O3/5 vol% SiC gets detail research. Sub-boundaries and dislocations observed in grains. Most Burgers vectors are ＜1120＞.

一．文獻回顧…………………………………………………………..1
1-1簡介 1
1-2氧化鋁結構 4
1-3差排和滑移系統 5
1-4第二相的拖曳力 11
1-5電子顯微鏡繞射圖 13
1-6研究目標 13
二．實驗方法 14
2-1粉末的製備 14
2-2試片的製備 14
2-3密度量測和結晶相鑑定 15
2-4電子顯微鏡試片的製備 15
2-5微結構觀察 16
三.實驗結果 17
3-1粉體材料 17
3-2相鑑定 17
3-3燒結密度 17
3-4微結構觀察 17
3-4-1氧化鋁和氧化鋁/氧化矽的微觀組織 17
3-4-2氧化矽的拖曳效應 18
3-4-3滑移系統 18
3-5破裂模式 21
四．討論 22
4-1d-spacing變化 22
4-2破壞模式 22
4-3差排結構 23
4-4次晶界 24
五．結論 26
六．未來研究方向 27
參考文獻 28

1. F. F. Lange, Transformation Toughening: Part 1 Size Effect Associated with the Thermodynamics of Constrained Transformations. J. Mater. Sci., 1982. 17: p. 225-34.
2. F. F. Lange, Transformation Toughening: Part 2 Contribution to Fracture Toughness. J. Mater. Sci., 1982. 17: p. 235-39.
3. F. F. Lange, Transformation Toughening: Part 3 Experimental Observations in the ZrO2-Y2O3 System. J. Mater. Sci., 1982. 17: p. 240-46.
4. F. F. Lange, Transformation Toughening: Part 4 Fabrication, Fracture Toughness and Strength of Al2O3-ZrO2 Composites. J. Mater. Sci., 1982. 17: p. 247-54.
5. F. F. Lange, Transformation Toughening: Part 5 Effect of Temperature and Alloy on Fracture Toughness. J. Mater. Sci., 1982. 17: p. 255-62.
6. O. Sbaizero, G. Pezzotti and T. Nishida, Fracture Energy and R-Curve Behavior of AlO/Mo Composites. Acta Mater., 1998. 46(2): p. 681-87.
7. K. Niihara and A. Nakahira, Strengthening of Oxide Ceramics by SiC and Si3N4 Dispersions. in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines. 1988. Westerville, OH: American Ceramic Society.
8. K. Niihara, A. Nakahira, G. Sasaki and M. Hirabayashi, 　Development of Strong Al2O3/SiC Composites. in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Advanced Materials. 1989. Tokyo, Japan: Materials Research Society.
9. K. Niihara, New Design of Structural Ceramics -- Ceramic Nanocomposites. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1991. 99(10): p. 974-82.

10. D. Sciti and A. Bellosi, Oxidation Behaviour of Alumina-Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci., 1998. 33: p. 3823-30.
11. L. C. Stearns, J. Zhao and M. P. Harmer, Processing and Microstructure Development in Al2O3-SiC Nanocomposites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1992. 10: p. 473-77.
12. J. Zhao, L. C. Stearns, M. P. Harmer, H. M. Chan and G. A. Miller, Mechanical Behavior of Alumina-Silicon Carbide "Nanocomposites". J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1993. 76(2): p. 503-10.
13. J. Otsuka, S. Iio, Y. Tajima, M. Watanabe and K. Tanaka, strengthening Mechanism in AlO/SiC Particulate Composites. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn, 1994. 102(1): p. 29-34.
14. C. E. Borsa, S. Jiao, R. I. Todd and R. J. Brook, Processing and Properties of Al2O3/SiC Nanocomposites. J. Microsc., 1994. 177(3): p. 305-12.
15. H. Z. Wu, C. W. Lawrence, S. G. Roberts and Derby, The Strength of AlO/SiC Nanocomposites after Grinding and Annealing. Acta Mater., 1998. 46(11): p. 3839-48.
16. L. Carroll, M. Sternitzke and B. Derby, Silicon Carbide Particle Size Effect in Alumina-Based Nanocomposites. Acta Mater., 1996. 44(11): p. 4543-52.
17. M. Hoffmanl and J. Rodel, Suggestion for Mechanism of Strengthening of Nanotoughened Ceramics. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn, 1997. 105(12): p. 1086-1090.
18. S. Jiao, M. Jenkins and R. W. Davidge, Electron Microscopy of Crack/Particle Interactions in Al2O3/SiC Nanocomposites. J. Microsc., 1996. 185(2): p. 259-64.
19. S. Jiao, M. L. Jenkins and R. W. Davidge, Interfacial Fracture Energy-Mechanical Behavior Relationship in Al2O3/SiC and Al2O3/TiN Nanocomposites. Acta Mater., 1997. 45(1): p. 149-56.
20. M. Sternitzke, Review: Structural Ceramic Nanocomposites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1997. 17: p. 1061-82.
21. T. Ohji, Y. K. Jeong, Y. H. Choa and K. Niihara, Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Ceramic Nanocomposites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1998. 81(6): p. 1453-60.
22. M. Sternitzke, B. Derby and R. J. Brook, Alumina/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites by Hybrid Polymer/Powder Processing : Microstructures and mechanical properties. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1998. 81(1): p. 41-48.
23. A. M. Thompson, H. M. Chan and M. P. Harmer, Crack Healing and Stress Relaxation in Al2O3/SiC "Nanocomposites". J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1995. 78(3): p. 567-71.
24. I. Levin, W. D. Kaplan and D. G. Brandon, Effect of SiC Submicronmeter Particle Size and Content on Fracture Toughness of Alumina-SiC "Nanocomposites". J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1995. 78(1): p. 254-56.
25. J. E. Blendell and R. L. Cobel, Measurement of Stress Due to Thermal Expansion Anisotropy in Al2O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1982. 65(3): p. 174-78.
26. M. L. Kronberg, Plastic Deformation of Single Crystals of Sapphire: Basal Slip and Twinning. Acta Met., 1957. 5(9): p. 507-24.
27. R32/C, No. 167. International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography. Vol. I. 1962, Birmingham, England: Kynoch Press. 275.
28. J. D. Snow and A. H. Heuer, Slip Systems in Al2O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1973. 56(3): p. 153-157.
29. Wyckiff, Crystal Structures. 2nd ed. 1963, New York: Ralph W. G.
30. J. Cadoz and B. Pellissier, Influence of Three-Ford Symmetry on Pyramidal Slip of Alumina Single Crystal. Scrip. Metal., 1976. 10: p. 597-600.
31. G. W. Groves and A. Kelly, Independent Slip Systems in Crystal. Philo. Mag., 1963. 8: p. 877-87.
32. R. F. Firestone and A. H. Heuer, Yield Point of Sapphire. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1973. 56(3): p. 136-39.
33. B. J. Pletka, T. E. Mitchell and A. H. Heuer, Dislocation Structures in Sapphire Deformed by Basal Slip. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1974. 57(9): p. 388-93.
34. R. L. Bertolotti and W. D. Scott, Compressive Crepp of Al2O3 Single Crystals. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1971. 54(6): p. 286-91.
35. S. M. Wiederhorn, B. J. Hockey and D. E. Roberts, Effect of Temperature on the Fracture of Sapphire. Philo. Mag., 1973. 28(4): p. 783-96.
36. D. J. Gooch and G. W. Groves, Prismatic Slip in Sapphire. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1972. 55(2): p. 105.
37. D. M. Kotchick and R. E. Tressler, Deformation Behavior of Sapphire Via the Prismatic Slip System. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1980. 63(7-8): p. 429-34.
38. J. Castaing, J. Cadoz, and S. H. Kirby, Prismatic Slip of AlO Single Crystals Below 1000oC in Compression Under Hydrostatic Pressure. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1981. 64(9): p. 504-11.
39. J. Cadoz, J. P. Riviere and J. Castaing, T.E.M. Observations of Dislocation in AlO after Prism Plane Slip at Low Temperature under Hydrostatic Pressure, in Deformation of Ceramic Materials II. 1984, Plenum Press: New York. p. 213-22.
40. R. F. Firestone and A. H. Heuer, Creep Deformation of 0o Sapphire. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1976. 59(1-2): p. 24-29.
41. R. E. Tressler and D. J. Barber, Yielding and Flow of c-Axis Sapphire Filaments. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1974. 57(1): p. 13-19.
42. R. E. Tressler and D. J. Michall, Dynamics of Flow of c-Axis Sapphire, in Deformation of Ceramic Materials, R.C.B.a.R.E. Tressler, Editor. 1975, Plenum Publishing Corp. p. 195-215.

43. B. J. Hockey, Pyramidal Slip on {1123} <1100> and Basal Twinning in Al2O3, in Deformation of Ceramic Materials, R.C.B.a.R.E. Tressler, Editor. 1975, Plenum Publishing Corp. p. 167-79.
44. P. D. Bayer and R. E. Cooper, J. Mater. Sci., 1967. 2: p. 301.
45. S. J. Chen and D. G. Howitt, Observations of partial Dislocations and Basal Twin Boundaries in Shock-Wave-Deformed Sapphire. Philo. Mag. A, 1998. 78(3): p. 765-76.
46. D. J. Gooch and G. W. Groves, Non-Basal Slip in Sapphire. Philos. Mag., 1973. 28(3): p. 623-37.
47. B. Y. Farber, S. Y. Yoon, K.P. D. Lagerlof and A. H. Heuer, Microplasticity during High Temperature Indentation and the Peierls Potential in Sapphire (a-Al2O3) Single Crystals. Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 1993. 137: p. 485-98.
48. T. E. Mitchell, B. J. Pletka, D. S. Phillips and A. H. Heuer, Climb Dissociation of Dislocations in Sapphire (a-Al203). Philo. Mag., 1976. 34(3): p. 441-51.
49. J. B. Bilde-Sqrensen, A. R. Tholen, D. J. Gooch and G. W. Groves, Structure of the <0110> Dislocation in Sapphire. Philo. Mag., 1976. 33(6): p. 877-89.
50. K. D. P. Lagerlof, T. E. Mitchell, A. H. Heuer, J. R. Riviere, J. Cadoz, J. Castaing and D. S. Phillips, Stacking Fault Energy in Sapphire. Acta Metall., 1984. 32(1): p. 97-105.
51. K. P. D. Lagerlof, A. H. Heuer, J. Castaing, J. P. Riviere and T. E. Mitchell, Slip and Twinning in Sapphire (a-Al2O3). J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1994. 77(2): p. 385-97.
52. L.B. Bilde-Sqrensen, B. F. Lawlor, T. Geipel, P. Pirouz, A. H. Heuer and K. P. D. Lagerlof, On Basal Slip and Basal Twinning in Sapphire-I. Basal Slip Revisited. Acta Mater., 1996. 44(5): p. 2145-52.
53. P. Pirouz, B. F. Lawlor, T. Geipel, L.B. Bilde-Sqrensen, A. H. Heuer and K. P. D. Lagerlof, On Basal Slip and Basal Twinning in Sapphire-II. A New Model of Basal Twinning. Acta Mater., 1996. 44(5): p. 2153-64.
54. T. Geipel, L.B. Bilde-Sqrensen, B. F. Lawlor, P. Pirouz, K. P. D. Lagerlof and A. H. Heuer, On Basal Slip and Basal Twinning in Sapphire-III. HRTEM of the Twin/Matrix Interface. Acta Mater., 1996. 44(5): p. 2165-74.
55. S. J. Chen and D. G. Howitt, A Mechanism to Describe the Basal Twinning of Sapphire. Acta Metall. Mater., 1992. 40(2): p. 3249-53.
56. A. H. Heuer, Deformation Twinning in Corundum. Philo. Mag., 1966. 13: p. 379-93.
57. P. R. Kenway, Calculated Stacking-Fault Energies in a-Al2O3. Philo. Mag. B, 1993. 68(2): p. 171-83.
58. A. G. Marinopoulos and C. Elsasser, Density-Functional and Shell-Model Calculations of the Energetics of Basal-Plane Stacking Faults in Sapphire. Philo. Mag. Let., 2001. 81(5): p. 329-38.
59. A. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto and Y. Ikuhara, Direc Observation of Basal Dislocation in Sapphire by HRTEM. Acta Mater., 2002. 50: p. 101-08.
60. C. Zener see C. S. Smith, Grains, Phases, and Interactions: An Interpretation of Microstructure. A. I. M. E., 1948. 175: p. 15-51.
61. M. F. Ashby, J. Harper and J. Lewis, The Interaction of Crystal Boundaries with Second-Phase Particles. Trans. Metall. Soc., 1969. 245(2): p. 413-20.
62. K. Okada and T. Sakuma, The Role of Zener's Pinning Effect on the Grain Growth in Al2O3-ZrO2. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1992. 100: p. 392-95.
63. C. J. Tweed, B. Ralph and N. Hansen, The Pinning by Particles of Low and High Angle Grain Boundaries during Grain Growth. Acta Metall., 1984. 32(9): p. 1407-14.
64. W. E. Lee and K. P. D. Lagerlof, Structural and Electron Diffraction Data for Sapphire (a-Al2O3). J. Elec. Micros. Tech., 1985. 2: p. 247-58.
.
65. J. Fang, M. P. Harmer, H. M. Chan, Evaluation of Subgrain Formation in Al2O3-SiC Nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci., 1997. 32: p. 3427-33.
66. J. Fang, H. M. Chan and M. P. Harmer, Residual Stress Relaxation Behavior in Al2O3-SiC Nanocomposites. Mater. Sci. Engin. A, 1995. 195: p. 163-67.