氨是一種有價值的化學產品，它常被用來製造肥料、合成纖維、合成塑膠以及炸藥。還有其它工廠像造紙、紡織、照相、電子等也都會使用到氨。氨也是一種典型的污染物，它常從工業製程、密集農業地區及養殖牲畜的養殖場排出。氨具有腐蝕性會造成灼傷，而且對支氣管具有長期的影響性。

本研究以選擇性觸媒氧化法(Selective Catalytic Oxidation，SCO)處理氨氣（NH3）及探討其氧化效能及反應動力。實驗操作參數範圍：使用的觸媒為Cu/Ce系列自製觸媒，操作溫度介於150至500 ℃，進流氨濃度介於500 ppm至1000 ppm，進流氧濃度介於4％至20％，及溼度1％至20％（607 ppm至12136 ppm）。

第一階段初步實驗中，是從自製觸媒中篩選出一種對氨氣最具活性及對氮氣選擇性高的觸媒。本實驗配製的觸媒共有三類，包括Cu/La/Ce(莫耳比：8/1/1、7/1/2、7/2/1、6/1/3、6/2/2與6/3/1)、Cu/La(莫耳比：6/4、7/3、8/2與9/1)、Cu/Ce(莫耳比6/4、7/3、8/2與9/1)等，以上一系列觸媒共計14種。結果顯示莫耳比為6：4的Cu/Ce觸媒對氨氣氧化最具活性及高選擇性。
第二階段是以莫耳比為6：4的Cu/Ce觸媒探討操作參數對氨氣轉化效率之影響。操作參數為不同進流氨濃度、進流氧濃度、溼度、操作溫度與空間流速。氨氣的轉化率增加是隨進流溫度的上升、氧氣濃度的增加與停留時間的增加，但是氨氣的轉化率減少是隨氨氣進流濃度、空間流速與溼度的增加。

第三階段同樣是探討以莫耳比為6：4的Cu/Ce觸媒操作時間對活性衰退之影響。在固定氨氣進流濃度、氧氣濃度與空間流速下，連續操作30小時。實驗的結果發現Cu/Ce觸媒具有不錯的穩定性，而且進一步測定X-光繞射分析儀（XRD）、Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM）及Elemental Analyzer（EA）。

反應動力計算是以微分法來探討莫耳比為6：4的Cu/Ce觸媒焚化處理氨的最佳動力模式。結果顯示在引用的三個模式中，以Mars-Van Krevelen模式較適用描述本反應行為。並推導出出氨（NH3）之一階化學反應動力及破壞去除效率方程式，而且預測之破壞去除效率與實驗之破壞去除效率頗為吻合。在操作參數（氨進流濃度、反應溫度、氧進流濃度）對反應速率的影響方面，經由實驗可知上述三種操作參數對反應速率皆有一定的影響性，氨進流濃度越大、反應溫度越高、氧進流濃度越高，則所得之反應速率越大。

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) is one of valuable chemicals which is commonly used in manufacturing the fertilizer, synthetic fiber, synthetic plastics, and dynamites, and is used in the factories such as papermaking, textile mill, camera and electrical. NH3 is also a typical pollutant which is found to be emitted from industrial processes, agriculture areas and livestock farm. It causes burn damage due to the corrosion and has a long-term impact on human bronchus.

This study was to investigate the performance and kinetics in oxidation of ammonia by using a method of selective catalytic oxidation (denoted by SCO) over a series catalysts of Cu/Ce . The major parameters were performed at the following conditions: initial concentration NH3 of influent in ranging from 500 ppm to 1000 ppm, temperatures ranging from 150℃ to 500℃, oxygen content in inlet stream in ranging from 4％to 20％and humidity in ranging from 1％to 20％(or an absolute humidity of 607 ppm-12136 ppm).

In the first stage experiments, the purpose was to select a best catalyst, which had the great activity and highest selectivity on nitrogen. The catalysts used in this work were prepared into three types in the following: Cu/La/Ce (molar ratio: 8/1/1, 7/1/2, 7/2/1, 6/1/3, 6/2/2 and 6/3/1), Cu/La (molar ratio: 6/4, 7/3, 8/2 and 9/1) and Cu/Ce (molar ratio: 6/4, 7/3, 8/2 and 9/1); total numbers of catalysts were 14. Test results showed the molar ratio 6:4 of Cu/Ce catalyst was found to have the best activity and selectivity to convert NH3 in this work.

The second stage experiments were carried to investigate the effect of parameters on conversion of NH3 over a Cu/Ce catalyst of molar ratio 6:4. The conversion of NH3 in process of SCO increased with operation conditions such as the going up of temperature, and the increasing both of oxygen content and of residence time. The lower conversion of NH3 was achieved by an increasing on initial concentration of NH3, space velocity and humidity.

The third stage experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of operation period on deactivation of NH3 over the above catalyst. At constant initial concentration of NH3, oxygen content and space velocity for 30 hr continuously, we found Cu/Ce catalyst had an excellent stability in conversion of NH3. Further tests by XRD, SEM and EA were determined.

The kinetics of SCO over a Cu/Ce catalyst of molar ratio 6:4 in oxidation of NH3, using differential method, was found that a pseudo-first order reaction could be described by Mars-Van Krevelend model. An equation of destruction efficiency in terms of NH3 was obtained, and a good fitting was got between the predicted and the experimental values.

第一章 諸論 1-1
1-1前言 1-1
1-2研究目的 1-2
1-3研究內容與架構 1-3

第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
2-1氨（Ammonia）的來源及危害 2-2
2-1-1氨（Ammonia）的主要來源 2-2
2-1-2氨（Ammonia）的危害性 2-4
2-2氨（Ammonia）的特性 2-6
2-2-1氨（Ammonia）對人體的危害 2-7
2-3氨（Ammonia）的控制技術 2-9
2-3-1氨（Ammonia）處理技術分類………………………… 2-10
2-3-2氨（Ammonia）處理技術特性及分類…………………… 2-11
2-4觸媒操作參數之探討………………………………………... 2-29
2-4-1觸媒焚化效率計算………………………………………. 2-29
2-4-2操作參數的影響因子……………………………………. 2-31
2-4-3觸媒活性衰退……………………………………………. 2-37

頁數
2-5 觸媒焚化反應動力之探討…………………………………. 2-42
2-5-1柱流式反應器基礎理論………………………………… 2-45
2-5-2微分型反應器…………………………………………… 2-47
2-5-3觸媒異相反應模式……………………………………… 2-48

第三章研究方與法實驗設備 3-1
3-1研究方法 3-1
3-1-1實驗規劃 3-1
3-1-2觸媒製備及性質分析 3-2
3-1-3實驗步驟與方法…………………………………………... 3-8
3-2實驗設備 3-19
3-2-1實驗系統裝置 3-19
3-2-2試藥與氣體 3-25
3-2-3主要儀器原理 3-28
3-3預備實驗 3-34
3-3-1檢量線製作 3-34
3-3-2質量流量計校正 3-34

第四章 結果與討論 4-1
4-1觸媒效應 4-1
4-2氨觸媒焚化之操作參數探討 ….4-26
4-3氨對觸媒焚化效能活性衰退的探討…………………………4-41
4-3-1觸媒衰退現象…………………………………………….4-41
4-3-2 BET分析…………………………………………………4-44
4-3-3 X射線繞射(XRD)分析…………………………………..4-46
4-3-4掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析…………………………..4-48
4-3-5表面元素分析(EDS)……………………………………..4-50
4-3-6元素分析(EA)…………………………………………….4-53
頁數
4-4觸媒焚化反應動力模式探討 4-54
4-5積分反應實驗法之反應動力分析結果 4-75
4-5-1反應動力常數結果……………………………………….4-75
4-6操作參數(氨濃度、溫度、氧濃度)對反應速率之影響 4-84
4-6-1進流氨濃度對反應速率之影響 4-84
4-6-2不同反應溫度對反應速率之影響 4-84
4-6-3氧濃度對反應速率之影響 4-85

第五章 結論與建議 5-1
5-1結論……………………………………………………………..5-1
5-2建議……………………………………………………………..5-3

第六章 參考文獻 6-1

附錄A 儀器原理
A-1 BET比表面積分析儀 A-1
A-2 XRD(X-ray射線繞射分析儀) A-4
A-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析 A-7
A-5 元素分析儀 A-9

附錄B R.H.與A.H.於室溫下（25℃）之換算表…………….…..B-1

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