台灣的高科技產業發展成效卓越，尤其是近幾年表現優異的光電產業，在全球光電發展中名列前茅，而資訊通訊科技在此產業中扮演重要的角色。我們依據 Caroli and Reenen (2001) 的模型探討資訊通訊科技組織改變和資訊通訊科技勞工在台灣光電產業的相互影響，並且結合經濟部工廠校正資料及製造業自動化及電子化調查的資料，討論資訊通訊科技對台灣光電產業的影響。實證結果我們發現到：當廠商採用愈多的資訊通訊科技，會驅使廠商僱用更多的資訊通訊科技勞工並且會讓內部組織改變，也會讓廠商對研發投入更多資源，而使生產力上升、增進廠商的績效。

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship of information and communication technologies (ICTs), organizational change and ICT labors on plant’s performance. We first develop AICT and EICT indicators for Taiwan optoelectronic industry and extend the Caroli and Reenen (2001) model to measure the impact of ICTs and ICT labors on plant’s economic performance and organizational structure. In this paper, we can get the evidences that ICTs and ICT labors make Taiwan optoelectronic industry raise their productivity and inner organizational change.

Catalog

1、Introduction 1
2、The Analysis of Optoelectronics Industry in Taiwan 4
2.1、The Introduction of Optoelectronic Industries 4
2.1.1、The Definition of The Optoelectronic Industries 4
2.1.2、The Stylized facts of Optoelectronics 4
2.1.3、The Scope of Optoelectronics Industries 5
2.1.4、The Status Quo of Optoelectronics in Taiwan 7
2.2、Two Case Studies 8
2.2.1、AU Optoelectronics Corporation 8
2.2.2、Chi Mei Optoelectronics 9
3、Literature Review 11
3.1、The Relationship Between ICT and Productivity 11
3.2、The Interrelationship Between ICT and Organizational Change 12
3.3、The Relationship between Skilled-Labors and Organizational Change 14
4、Empirical Model 16
4.1、The Demand for ICT Labors and Organizational Change 16
4.2、ICT Basis Organizational Change 18
4.3、The Effect of ICT Labors, non-ICT Labors, and ICT on Innovation 20
4.4、Productivity and Organizational change 21
5、Empirical Result 23
5.1、Data Source 23
5.2、Variable Specification 23
5.2.1、The AICT-Indicator and EICT-indictor 23
5.2.2、Other Variables 26
5.3、Empirical Results 28
5.3.1、ICT Wage Share and non-ICT Wage Share 28
5.3.2、The Evidence of Organizational Change and ICT Labors 30
5.3.3、The Analysis of Innovation 32
5.3.4、ICT Labors, Innovation and ICTs on Productivity 36
6、Conclusion 39

References 41
Appendix 46

References

林金雀、黃國維 (2002)，我國平面顯示器用化學材料發展機會之探討，科技專案成果月刊。

陳健誠 (2003)，兩岸LCD產業互動研究與商機探討，科技專案成果月刊。

吳翔等人 (2002)，我國光電產業產銷與市場發展趨勢，科技專案成果月刊。

Acemoglu, Daron (2002) “Technical Change, Inequality and the Labor Market,” Journal of Economic Literature, 40, 7-72.

Acs, Z.J.,Audretsch, D.B. (1988) “Innovation in large and small firms: an empirical analysis,” American Economic Review 78(4), 678-690.

Acs, Z.J.,Audretsch, D.B. (1991aa) “Innovation and Technological Change: An International Comparison,” University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

Acs, Z.J.,Audretsch, D.B. (1991bb) R&D firm size and innovative activity. In: Acs, J.Z., Audretsch, David B. (Eds.), Innovation and Technological Change: An International Comparison, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

Aiger, D.J, C.A.Lovell and P. Schmidt (1997), “Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models,” Journal of Econometrics, 6, pp.21-37.

Autor, David, Lawrence Katz, and Alan Krueger (1998) “Computing Inequality: Have Computers Changed the Labor Market?” Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIII, 1169-1213.

Baptista, R. and P. Swann (1998) “Do firms in Clusters Innovate More?” Research Policy, 27 (6), 525-540.

Battese, G.E. and T.J. Coelli (1995), “A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data,” Empirical Economics, 20, 325-332.

Berman, E, J. Bound and Z. Griliches (1994) "Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U. S. Manufacturing Industries," Quarterly Journal of Economics, v109 n2, May 1994, 367-397.

Berndt, E. R., C. J. Morrison and L. S. Rosenblum (1992) “High-Tech Capital, Economic Performance and Labor Composition in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: An Exploratory Analysis,” MIT Working Paper 3414EFA.

Bresnahan, T. F., Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L.M. (2002) “Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand of Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 339-376.

Bresnahan, T. F., Brynjolfsson, E. and Lorin M. Hitt (2000) “Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance.” Journal of Economic Perspective, 14, 4, 23-48.

Brown, R. and Christensen, L. (1981) “ Estimating elasticitis of substitution in a model of partial; static equilibrium: an application to US agriculture 1947-74” in C. Firled and E. Berndt (eds) Modeling and Measuring Natural Resource Substitution, Cambridge: MIT Press.

Brynjolfsson, E and A. Renshaw, and M. Van Alstyne (1997) "The Matrix of Change: A Tool for Busniness Process Reengineering," Sloan Management Review.

Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L.M. (1995) “Information technology as a factor of production: The role of differences among firms,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3, 183-200.
Brynjolfsson, E., T. Malone, V. Gurbaxani and A. Kambil (1994) “Does Information Technology Lead to Smaller Firms?” Management Science.40:12, 1628–1644.

Card, David and Thomas Lemieux (2001) “Can Falling Supply Explain the Rising Return to College for Younger Men? A Cohort-Based Analysis,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI.

Caroli, E. and Van Reenen, J. (2001) “Skill Biased Organizational Change? Evidence From a Panel of British and French Establishments,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 4, 1449-1492.

Clemons, Eric K. and Michael C. Row (1992) “Information Technology and Industrial Cooperation:The Changing Economics of Coordination and Ownership,” Journal of Management Information Systems. 9:2, 9–28.

Dosi, G. (1988) “Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation,” Journal of Economic Literature 25, 1120-1171.

Fisher, F.M., Temin, P. (1973) “Returns to scale in research and development: what does the Schumpeterian hypothesis imply?” Journal of Political Economy 81(January/February), 56-70.

Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence Katz (1999) "The Returns to Skill in the United States Across the Twentieth Century” NBER Working Paper No.7126.

Greenan, N. and Mairesse, J. (1996) “Computers and productivity in France: Some Evidence,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 5836.

Gurbaxani, V. and S. Whang (1991) “The Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Markets,” Communications of the ACM. 34:1, 59–73.

Hall, R. E. (1999a) “The Stock Market and Capital Accumulation,” NBER Working Paper 7180.

Hammer, M. (1990). "Reengineering Work: Don't Automate, Obliterate," Harvard Business Review (July-August): 104-112.

Hempell, T. (2002) “What’s Spurious, What’s Real? Measuring the Productivity Impacts of ICT at the Firm-Level,” ZEW Discussion Paper 02-42, Mannheim.

Jorgenson D. W. and B. M. Fraumeni (1995) “Investment in Education and U.S Economic Growth,” in D.W. Jorgenson (eds.) Productivity Volume 1, Postwar U.S Economic Growth, Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 273-331.

Katz, Lawrence and Kevin Murphy (1992) “Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 35-78.

Lichtenberg, F. R. (1995) “The Output Contribution of Computer Equipment and Personnel: A Firm-Level Analysis,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3, 201-217.

Lindbeck, A. and Snower, D. J. (1996) “Reorganization of firms and labor-market inequality,” American Economic Review, 86, 315-21.

Luchhetti, R. and A. Sterlacchini (2002) “The Adoption of ICT among SMEs: Evidence From An Italian Survey,” National Institution of Economic and Social Research, London.

Lynch, L. M. and Black, S. E. (1995) “Beyond the incidence of training: evidence from a national employers survey,” NBER working paper, 5231.

Malone, T. W., J. Yates and R. I. Benjamin (1987) “Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies.” Communications of the ACM. 30:6, 484–97.

Martin Falk (2002) “Endogenous Organizational Change and the Expected Demand for Different Skill Groups,” Applied Economics Letters, 9, 419-423

Nabseth, L. and G. Ray (1974) The Diffusion of New Industrial Processes: An International Study, Cambridge University Press.

Orlikowski, W. J. (1992) "Learning from Notes: Organizational Issues in Groupware Implementation," Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Toronto,Canada.
Romeo A.A. (1975) “Interindustry and Interfirm Differences in the Rate of Diffusion of an Innovation,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 57, 311-319.

Surendra Gera and Wulong Gu (2004) “The Effect of Organizational Innovation and Information and Communications Technology on Firm Performance,” International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, vol. 9, 37-51

Timothy F. Bresnahan, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Lorin M. Hitt (2000), “Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand for skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 117(1), 339-376.

Weill, P. and M.H Olson (1989) “Managing Investment in Information Technology: mini case examples and implications,” MIS Quarterly, 3-17.
Zammuto, Raymond, and Edward O' Connor (1992) “Gaining Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Benefits: the Roles of Organization Design and Culture,” Academy of Management Review, XVII, 701-728.

Zwick, T. (2003) “The Impact of ICT Investment on Establishment Productivity,” National Institute Economic Review, 184, 70-81.