本論文主要利用金奈米簇具有的特殊光學與化學性質，開發針對不同需求的合成技術合成新型功能性金奈米簇以配合分析上的各種應用，本文包含三個部分：第一部分在低pH下(pH~3)混合第六型溶菌酶與HAuCl4反應生成具有藍色螢光的Au8金奈米簇，而當此Au8奈米簇轉換環境至高pH下時(pH~12)，觀察到奈米簇尺寸由Au8轉變為Au25，而經鑑定此奈米簇尺寸的轉變為在高pH下直接合成Au25奈米簇之中間步驟，因此可推斷蛋白質穩定Au25奈米簇之合成機構，另一方面，由於結構上的特性，Au8奈米簇會受到榖胱甘肽的core-etching而造成螢光淬熄，利用此現象可以開發針對血球中榖胱甘肽濃度定量的分析方法，其定量結果經測試與傳統醫事檢驗技術接近且具有環保、便宜、樣品需求量小的優點；第二部分接續第一部分的研究，利用銀沉積於金奈米粒子表面能夠阻止金奈米粒子成長的原理，開發控制第一部分所發現之Au8轉換為Au25使兩種金奈米簇能夠共存的尺寸控制技術，而由於兩種尺寸奈米簇在結構上的特性，僅有較大的奈米簇會受到汞離子之螢光淬熄，經過最佳化後，較小的奈米簇具有之螢光波長位於471nm，較大奈米簇之螢光波長位於613 nm，利用兩者螢光強度比值If613nm/If471nm，可以得到高再現性的定量結果，而此分析方法在標準品與自來水樣品之偵測極限分別為0.1與0.4 nM；第三部分則是在含水的乙腈溶液中混合金三價離子與SA反應生成金奈米簇。而此奈米簇由於自組裝後具有特殊的結晶與表面特性，適合作為高再現性雷射脫附游離法之基質。另一方面，金奈米簇於紫外光波段具有較SA的吸收能力與有助於能量傳遞的量子侷限效應，較傳統使用之SA基質有更佳的脫附/游離效率，相較於傳統SA樣品分析方法大約33%的RSD，利用AuNCs@SA作為基質之分析方法RSD大約在6.6%，而利用此基質，可以定量Insulin、myoglobin與HSA等蛋白質樣品，且平均RSD皆在10%以下，偵測極限皆達nM等級。

This paper, contain three parts, focus on develop synthesis method for novel functional nanocluster, base on its special optical and reactive property. In the first part, lysozyme VI was mixed with HAuCl4 under acidic condition(pH~3) and yield blue fluorescent Au8 nanocluster. When this Au8 cluster was incubate under alkaline condition (pH~12) a size evolution from Au8 to Au25 took place and monitored with fluorescence spectrum, MALDI MS, DLS. On the other hand, on the role of structural characteristic, fluorescence of Au8 cluster can be quenched by GSH as GSH induced core-etching reaction took place. Take advantage of this reaction, GSH in RBC can be quantitatively analysis by Au8 cluster. Compare with standard medical analysis method, this assay got comparable quantitative result and advantage in environmental friendly, low cost and low sample demand. Follow the first part, it was knowing that Hg2+quench fluorescence of Au25 but Au8 cluster. The second part of research development a ratiometric fluorescence assay for Hg2+ in drinking water sample, by control size evolution of nanocluster mentioned in first part by adding Ag+ into protein direct synthesis nanocluter process. Under optimize condition of bimetallic nanocluster synthesis, two separately fluorescence peak locate under 613 nm and 471 nm represent bigger size and smaller nanoclusters. Using fluorescence intensity ratio of two wavelength, concentration of Hg2+ in water sample can be determined by standard addition method with high reproducibility. Limit of detection was determined to be 0.1 and 0.4 nM, both lower than EPA permitted level in drinking water. On the third part, SA and HAuCl4 was mixed under water contained acetonitrile solution and SA caped nanocluster was form. This nanocluster after self essemble possess special crystalline and surface phenomenon and fit matrix for high reproducible laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Compare with traditional matrix SA, the cluster matrix show 6.6% in RSD with 33%. And the desorption/ionization efficiency of nanocluster matrix is also much higher. Insulin, myoglobin and HSA sample can be quantitative with this matrix with mean RSD lower than 10%.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
圖表目錄 vii
縮寫表 ix
壹、第六型溶菌脢修飾螢光金奈米簇:合成、機構與應用於生物分子感測器 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 實驗部分 3
1.2.1 實驗藥品 3
1.2.2 儀器設備 5
1.2.3 直接合成Au8與Au25金奈米簇 7
1.2.4 由Au8奈米簇合成Au25金奈米簇 7
1.2.5 榖胱甘?螢光檢測裝置 7
1.2.6 紅血球中榖胱甘?含量檢測 7
1.3 結果與討論 9
1.3.1 Au8 奈米簇的合成 9
1.3.2由Au8奈米簇合成Au25奈米簇 16
1.3.3蛋白質穩定金奈米簇之生成機構探討 21
1.3.4以第六型溶菌?穩定Au8金奈米簇為探針偵測榖胱甘? 25
1.4 結論 31
1.5 參考文獻 32
貳、溶菌脢修飾螢光金奈米簇尺寸控制技術開發應用於汞離子偵測自校準螢光感測器 35
2.1前言 35
2.2 實驗部分 38
2.2.1 實驗藥品與儀器 38
2.2.2雙金屬奈米簇的合成 39
2.2.3 Hg(II)自校準螢光感測系統 40
2.2.4 自來水樣品中Hg(II)含量檢測 40
2.3 結果與討論 40
2.3.1金銀合金奈米簇合成與鑑定 40
2.3.2利用雙金屬奈米簇作為自校準螢光汞離子感測器 49
2.4 結論 55
2.5 參考文獻 56
參、芥子酸直接合成金奈米簇應用於奈米簇輔助雷射脫附/游離質譜法：高再現性與游離效率 59
3.1前言 59
3.2 實驗部分 61
3.2.1 實驗藥品 61
3.2.2 儀器設備 62
3.2.3合成AuNCs@SA 63
3.2.4乙?溶液中水含量對反映的影響 63
3.2.5配置Sinapinic acid 基質溶液 63
3.2.6顯微影像取得 63
3.2.7配置分析標準品 63
3.2.8 MALDI-TOF分析 64
3.3 結果與討論 64
3.3.1 AuNPs@SA與AuNCs@SA的特徵分析 64
3.3.2反映機構探討 69
3.3.3表面現象分析 71
3.3.4將AuNCs@SAu應用於雷射脫附游離質譜法之基質 76
3.4 結論 82
3.5 參考文獻 83

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