本研究使用近場靜電紡絲製程技術 (Near-field electrospinning, NFES) 為製程方法，結合滾筒收集裝置，搭配金屬同軸針注射器電紡出聚偏氟乙烯 （Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF）中空壓電纖維與PVDF實心壓電纖維，並研究PVDF中空纖維與PVDF實心纖維之壓電特性，討論各項參數，如內外針流率、纖維管壁厚度、纖維線徑、溶液濃度、操作電場、滾筒切線速度等實驗狀況。利用光學顯微鏡 (Optical microscope, OM)，趁PVDF中空壓電纖維呈現半透明狀觀察內部結構；使用掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning electron microscope, SEM) 微觀PVDF中空壓電纖維表面型態及內部中空結構。經微拉伸試驗 (Micro-tensile testing) 量測出本研究不同管壁厚度的PVDF中空壓電纖維與PVDF實心壓電纖維之伸長量、最大抗拉強度、楊氏模數等，在本實驗條件狀況下，PVDF中空壓電纖維伸長量皆大於PVDF實心壓電纖維，而PVDF中空壓電纖維在抗拉強度量測下，最大可達約32.49 MPa，比PVDF實心壓電纖維提升約11%。接著探討壓電纖維機電能轉換特性，結合平行式電極能量擷取裝置有效擷取低頻能量作電性量測，在本實驗條件狀況下經近場靜電紡絲製程中，PVDF中空壓電纖維輸出電壓皆大於PVDF實心壓電纖維。最後量測PVDF實心壓電纖維於6 MΩ阻抗下，產生的有效輸出電壓約45.66 mV，最大輸出功率約347.61 pW；並與PVDF中空壓電纖維比較在相同製作量測環境下，於阻抗為6 MΩ時，產生的有效輸出電壓約71.66 mV，最大的輸出功率約856.07 pW。最後結果得到PVDF中空壓電纖維輸出電壓比PVDF實心壓電纖維提升了約1.56倍；PVDF中空壓電纖維輸出功率比PVDF實心壓電纖維提升了約2.46倍。PVDF中空壓電纖維更適合於壓電材料方面的研究，PVDF中空壓電纖維具有較高的面積/體積比和機械剛度可以產生更多的電壓輸出。

In this study, a near-field electrospinning (NFES) process with a metallic coaxial needle injector was used to fabricate piezoelectric Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber tube. We analyzed the parameters of piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube and piezoelectric PVDF solid fiber, core rate, shell rate, the weight percentage of PVDF, rotating tangential speed, electric field, and fiber diameter included. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to observe the surface morphology of piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube and measured its diameter. The piezoelectric devices with parallel electrodes were fabricated to capture potential signal. By micro-tensile test, the results obtained the elongation of piezoelectric PVDF fiber tubes are greater than piezoelectric PVDF solid fiber in this study. One of the piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube is up to 32.49 MPa in tensile strength measurements. The research combined parallel electrodes with effective energy capture device to capture low-frequency energy for electrical measurements under experimental conditions in this study. The output voltages of the piezoelectric PVDF fiber tubes are greater than the piezoelectric PVDF solid fiber. In the experimental test, the output voltage of piezoelectric solid PVDF fiber is 45.66 mV with a load resistance of 6 MΩ. The maximum output power is 347.61 pW with a load resistance of 6 MΩ. Moreover, the piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube was also tested under the same condition and measurement. The output voltage of piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube is 71.66 mV with a load resistance of 6 MΩ. The output power is up to 856.07 pW with a load resister of 6 MΩ. The results show that the power generation of the piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube exceeds 2.46 times that of the piezoelectric PVDF solid fiber. The piezoelectric PVDF fiber tube with higher area/volume ratio and mechanical stiffness can produce more potential output voltage.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究背景與動機 2
1-3 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 靜電紡絲製程 4
2-2 壓電材料相關研究 6
2-3 PVDF壓電材料特性 8
2-4正壓電效應 9
2-5逆壓電效應 10
2-6極化處理 10
2-7壓電訊號 11
2-8靜電紡絲製備同軸纖維的製程特性 11
2-9 PVDF同軸纖維的製程特性 15
第三章 研究方法 18
3-1近場靜電紡絲製程原理及設備 18
3-2調配PVDF中空纖維溶液 22
3-3金屬同軸針注射器結構 25
3-4 PVDF實心及中空壓電纖維各實驗參數與流程 34
3-4-1金屬同軸內外針之流率與纖維線徑之關係 35
3-4-2 PVDF溶液濃度 35
3-4-3電場大小 36
3-4-4 XY雙軸式數位控制平台與滾筒旋轉收集裝置之速度 36
3-4-5抗拉強度試驗 37
3-5掃描式電子顯微鏡 38
3-6微型機性測試機 40
3-7 X光射線繞射儀 41
3-8能量擷取裝置製作 42
3-9電壓、電流、應變分析系統 43
第四章 結果與討論 46
4-1 PVDF實心及中空壓電纖維與近場靜電紡絲製程 46
4-2金屬同軸注射器內針與外針流率之控制 46
4-3 OM光學顯微鏡與SEM掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察 52
4-4 PVDF溶液濃度與線徑之關係 64
4-5電場與線徑之關係 69
4-6滾筒切線速度與線徑之關係 73
4-7拉伸試驗量測 77
4-8 XRD觀察與分析 91
4-9 PVDF壓電纖維與能量擷取裝置之電性探討 92
4-10 PVDF實心及中空壓電纖維發電量之驗證 93
4-11 PVDF壓電纖維輸出電壓 (V) 與頻率 (Hz) 與力量 (N) 之關係 98
4-12 PVDF壓電纖維電壓、電流、應變量測分析系統 102
4-13 PVDF實心及中空壓電纖維之電性探討 106
第五章 結論及未來展望 111
5-1 結論 111
5-2 未來展望 113
參考文獻 114

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