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博碩士論文 etd-0712105-092326 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0712105-092326
論文名稱
Title
以現金流量角度探討TFT-LCD產業發展之風險
A Research on the Risk of TFT-LCD Industry on the Basis of Cash Flows
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
125
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-07-08
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-07-12
關鍵字
Keywords
TFT-LCD、EVA、融資、轉投資、風險、現金流量
TFT-LCD, cash flow, EVA, risk
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
本文主要在探討目前當紅之TFT-LCD產業背後所隱藏的風險,試圖證明該產業之前景並不如社會大眾所預期的樂觀。本研究所採用的方法包括(1)從市場面探討其受景氣變化之波動情況,(2)分別由現金流量角度以及EVA模型分析TFT-LCD產業之營運與投資活動,(3)研究國內TFT-LCD廠商之籌資情形,以及(4)從面板廠商之母公司角度間接證明TFT-LCD產業之風險。獲得的結論包括:
1. 從市場面來看,國內TFT-LCD廠商之股價波動性愈來愈低,beta也日趨平穩,表示無法從市場面發現TFT-LCD產業之潛在風險。
2. 以現金流量角度來看,發現投資活動現金流量與營業活動現金流量之差距愈來愈大,一方面乃由於廠商必須不斷投入大筆資金以維持競爭力,導致其投資活動現金流量不斷成長,但另一方面,國內廠商因為沒有價格主導權,常遭受韓國殺價競爭與下游國際大廠壓低面板價格而獲利微薄甚至面臨虧損。
3. 在探討產品結構之不同是否影響廠商之獲利方面,尤其關心LCD TV之結果,發現LCD TV自投資至利潤產生之階段都極為無效率,顯示即使未來LCD TV需求大幅增加,亦不一定會為TFT-LCD廠商帶來利潤之有效提升,目前市場預期可能過於樂觀。
4. 由EVA變化趨勢亦可看出國內面板廠商在每一次液晶循環的谷底虧損的愈來愈嚴重,除了反應產能過剩導致面板跌價情況愈來愈嚴重之外,亦反應了次世代投資加深廠商之虧損,再次證明TFT-LCD之投資風險極大。
5. 目前TFT-LCD產業面臨的籌資困境包括液晶循環週期加速、自由現金之缺乏導致融資限制將跟著提升、資訊不對稱問題導致投資人不願輕易投資、銀行對TFT-LCD產業態度轉趨保守等,可預期廠商之籌資困難度會節節升高。隨著國內市場利率調升,以及國內廠商之負債比率愈來愈高,廠商之償債壓力將愈來愈大。
6. 面板廠商之母公司為了維持毛利率,降低生產成本而轉投資其上游面板產業,卻由於面板產業投資金額龐大之產業特性,導致母公司之現金流量變的不確定而遭受更大投資風險,間接反應TFT-LCD產業之高風險特性。
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to discuss the risk of TFT-LCD industry, and to prove that the future of this industry is not positive as expectation. Through discussing the TFT-LCD firms’ operating, investing, and financing activities and observing the cash flows of their parent companies, the research tries to find the potential risk of this industry. The following conclusions were obtained.
1. From “the variability of stock prices” and “beta” of domestic TFT-LCD firms, we cannot find out if the operating risk of TFT-LCD industry rises or not.
2. The gap between cash flows from investing activities and cash flows from operating activities is getting larger. On the one hand, TFT-LCD firms have to keep on investing to compete with others, which makes their cash outflows grow up rapidly. On the other hand, Korean TFT-LCD firms and international system enterprises try hard to cut down panel prices, which makes domestic TFT-LCD firms can only earn low profit and even get loss.
3. Nowadays people put emphasis on the growth opportunity of LCD TV and expect the demand of LCD TV will bring TFT-LCD firms high profits. However, the research finds that the investment and production of LCD TV lack efficiency, which implies even if the demand of LCD TV spring up in the future, it won’t necessarily benefit domestic TFT-LCD firms.
4. Observing the trend of Economic Value Added(EVA) of domestic TFT-LCD firms, we can see that EVA is getting lower during each valley of Crystal Cycle, which reflects the over production is getting worse in this industry and large investment accelerates the loss of TFT-LCD firms.
5. The difficulties of financing activities of domestic TFT-LCD firms include: (1) acceleration of Crystal Cycle, (2) shortage of cash flows limits the financing ability, (3) information asymmetry lowers the willingness of investors to invest, (4) banks starting to tighten the loans to TFT-LCD firms due to risk consideration.
6. The parent companies of TFT-LCD firms invest in TFT-LCD industry in order to cut down the cost and keep earning profits, however, the huge cash outflows raise the risk of the parent companies instead. It indirectly proves the high investment risk of TFT-LCD industry.
目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 附加經濟價值模型 7
第二節 權益資金成本之估計 15
第三節 獲利指數與市值--資本比率綜合評量 19
第三章 研究方法 21
第一節 樣本資料描述 21
第二節 經濟附加價值模型建立 25
第三節 研究問題 30
第四章 TFT-LCD產業概況 31
第一節 TFT-LCD產業簡述 31
第二節 全球TFT-LCD產業發展 38
第三節 國內TFT-LCD產業發展現況 42
第五章 實證結果分析 47
第一節 由市場面分析TFT-LCD產業之發展趨勢 47
第二節 以現金流量角度分析TFT-LCD產業之風險 50
第三節 以EVA模型分析TFT-LCD產業經營績效與風險 62
第四節 國內TFT-LCD廠商之籌資概況與償債能力分析 73
第五節 TFT-LCD產業獲利能力與市場評價 84
第六節 母公司轉投資TFT-LCD產業之效益 90
第六章 結論與建議 100
第一節 結論 100
第二節 建議 103
附錄……………………………………………………………………………………..109
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………..119
參考文獻 References
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二、 英文部分
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