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博碩士論文 etd-0712105-163027 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0712105-163027
論文名稱
Title
以厭氣法串聯人工濕地處理生活污水之操作性能研究
Study on the Treatment of Sewage by A Combined Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Constructed Wetland Process
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
176
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-06-01
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-07-12
關鍵字
Keywords
營養鹽、人工濕地、上流式厭氣污泥床、生活污水
Sewage, Nutrient removal., Constructed wetlands, Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5752 times, has been downloaded 4440 times.
中文摘要
上流式厭氣污泥床(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, UASB)自1971年研究開發至今,於處理中、高濃度工業廢水以獲致良好處理效果。1980年以來,此法用於處理中、低濃度之都市(家庭)污水,亦已商業化。
人工濕地已是一種廣被應用與接受的成熟技術,其可被視為以日光為能源的人造生態單元,利用各種自然的處理機制將污水中的污染物質轉化為無害產物。現行法規對廢污水中氮、磷管制日嚴,以及海岸地區管理將臻完善的趨勢來看,人工濕地適足以兼顧廢污水處理以及生態、景觀、護岸、遊憩等不同面向的要求。因此,將此項低耗能的處理方式應用於污水再淨化的可行性,實值得加以探討。
本研究結合以上兩系統優點,針對UASB串聯人工濕地系統處理中山大學污水場之生活污水(COD約200-300 mg/L),依廢水通過UASB不同的水力停留時間(HRT)共分成四個階段(HRT=6、4、2、1 hr)進行試驗,探討其污水中COD、BOD、SS、氮及磷營養鹽污染物之去除效應。污水首先經UASB槽處理,以降低污水中的有機物濃度及懸浮固體物,UASB槽出流水再藉由人工濕地去除殘餘的有機物、懸浮固體物、氮及磷營養鹽。
研究結果顯示,當UASB、CWL-1、CWL-2之HRT分別為2、45、64 hr時,整體串連系統的總去除率最佳。UASB槽的平均出流水值為:總COD (CODt) 121 mg/L、溶解性COD (CODs) 62 mg/L、總BOD (BODt) 33 mg/L、懸浮固體物(SS) 130 mg/L、磷酸鹽 0.1 mg/L,去除率分別為45-65、60-80、65-75、30-50、85-95%;串連CWL槽之平均出流水值為:CODt 28 mg/L、CODs 18 mg/L、BODt 10 mg/L、SS 18 mg/L、NH3-N 18 mg/L、NO2--N 12 mg/L、NO3--N 1 mg/L、PO43--P 0 mg/L,去除率分別為90、93、93、90、75、72、95、100%。此條件之UASB、CWL-1及CWL-2的CODt體積負荷分別為3.06、0.065及0.026 kgCODt/m3.day,CODt與SS之去除率與國外實場相比較並不遜色,其去除效果更超出所預期的成果。經整體系統處理後,最終放流水可達最佳的處理效果,其水質更能符合放流水標準。
Abstract
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) has been developed and commercially used for treating high-strength wastewaters since 1971, and this process has been extended its applications to domestic sewage treatment since 1980.
Constructed wetlands (CWL) can be treated as a simulated natural treatment system, which use solar radiation as the energy source. By analogy with some removal mechanisms in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are able to transform and remove pollutants from the wastewater. Other features provided by the constructed wetland include wildlife support, hydrologic modification, erosion protection, and open space and aesthetics. It has been applied for domestic wastewater purification for decades.
In this study, a pilot UASB-CWL reactor was built to test its performance for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients from a sewage with COD (Chemical oxygen demand) in the range of 200-300 mg/L. The UASB reactor has an active liquid volume of 2.5 liters and the CWL includes a 56 L-tank (CWL-1) followed by a 80 L-tank (CWL-2) in which emergent macrophyte (reed, Phragmites australis L.) and floating macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes L.), respectively, were planted. Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the test water in the reactor on the pollutant removal were tested.
Results indicate that with HRTs of 2, 45, and 64 hours, respectively, in the UASB, CWL-1, and CWL-2, the system exhibited good performances for pollutant removal. The HRTs are equivalent to CODt loadings of 3.06, 0.065, and 0.026 kg/m3.day to the UASB, CWL-1, and CWL-2, respectively. Average total COD (CODt), soluble COD (CODs), total biochemical oxygen demand (BODt), suspended solids (SS), and phosphate-P (P) were 121, 62, 33, 130, and 0.10 mg/L, respectively, and these are equivalent to the removal efficacies of 45-65, 60-80,65-75, 30-50, and 85-95%, respectively. With the operation conditions, average CODt = 28 , CODs = 18, BODt = 10, SS = 18, NH3-N = 18, NO2--N =12 , NO3--N = 1.0, and P = 0.0 mg/L were obtained, and the average removal total efficacies were 93, 93, 90, 75, 72, 95, and 100%, respectively. Effluent qualities are far superior to the national effluent standards for domestic sewage in Taiwan.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌
摘要
Abstract
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄

第一章 前言
1-1 研究緣起...
1-2 研究目的及內容...

第二章 文獻回顧..
2-1 UASB反應槽發展沿革與應用.
2-2 UASB反應槽概說
2-3厭氣代謝反應機制.
2-4影響厭氣生物處理穩定性之因素.
2-4-1溫度
2-4-2 pH...
2-4-3鹼度
2-4-4營養鹽
2-5 厭氣污泥之顆粒化現象
2-6 典型厭氣處理程序之特性.
2-6-1傳統厭氣消化槽
2-6-2完全混合型厭氣接觸槽
2-6-3厭氣濾床處理槽
2-6-4上流式厭氣污泥床反應槽
2-6-5厭氣流體化床
2-7 都市污水之厭氣處理
2-8 人工濕地發展沿革與應用
2-9 人工濕地的種類及構造
2-10 人工濕地的水質淨化機制
2-10-1 營養鹽的去除
2-10-2 有機物的去除
2-10-3 懸浮固體物的去除
2-10-4 致病原的去除
2-11 濕地植物種類及扮演角色
2-12 植物生理
2-13 都市污水之厭氣法串連濕地處理

第三章 實驗設備及方法
3-1 實驗設備
3-2 植物種類
3-3 系統操作與樣
3-4 採樣分析
3-5 實驗條件.
3-6 生活污水之成分
3-7 實驗試程
3-8 計算式說明

第四章 結果與討論
4-1 反應槽操作狀況
4-2 對照組之水質變化(第一階段至第四階段)
4-2-1 COD處理效果
4-2-1-1 CODt
4-2-1-2 CODs
4-2-2 BODt處理效果
4-2-3 SS處理效果
4-2-4氨氮處理效果
4-2-5亞硝酸氮處理效果
4-2-6硝酸氮處理效果
4-2-7磷酸鹽處理效果
4-3空白組之水質變化(濕地中栽種植物)
4-3-1 COD處理效果
4-3-1-1 CODt
4-3-1-2 CODs
4-3-2 BODt處理效果
4-3-3 SS處理效果
4-3-4氨氮處理效果
4-3-5亞硝酸氮處理效果
4-3-6硝酸氮處理效果
4-3-7磷酸鹽處理效果
4-4空白組之水質變化(濕地中無栽種植物)
4-4-1 COD處理效果
4-4-1-1 CODt
4-4-1-2 CODs
4-4-2 BODt處理效果
4-4-3 SS處理效果
4-4-4氨氮處理效果
4-4-5亞硝酸氮處理效果
4-4-6硝酸氮處理效果
4-4-7磷酸鹽處理效果
4-5厭氣法串連濕地處理之案例比較
4-6參考操作參數

第五章 結論與建議
5-1結論
5-2建議

參考文獻
參考文獻 References
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