随著視訊傳輸在網路上的應用越見頻繁，除了傳統在壓縮視訊上的研究，使得所需傳輸條件降低以及視訊品質增進之外，現今的要求也在於視訊必需具備某種程度的錯誤控制功能。在信任度不足的網路傳送視訊，如無線網路等，常會因為某些不安定的狀況使得視訊受到傷害，進而在接收端不能正確的解碼視訊，這對於現在發展的視訊通訊是一個極待完美解決的問題。
鑑於上述理由，因此本論文提出了一個基於數位浮水印技術的視訊錯誤偵測與隱匿系統。研究方法藉由在編碼端利用浮水印頻道傳送相關資訊，加入使用易碎式浮水印技術嵌入錯誤偵測資訊與強健式浮水印嵌入錯誤隱匿資訊步驟，視訊編碼完成後經過網路媒介傳送，在解碼端擷取出隱藏其中的資訊，根據錯誤偵測檢查視訊有無經過破壞，以及定位錯誤位置，再利用錯誤隱匿資訊隱匿錯誤，達到即時性的視訊錯誤偵測與隱匿系統。

When video transmits over error-prone channels, the fragile property of compressed stream makes it sensitive to bit error. Often even a slight error can make video unable to correctly decode. Therefore, there is a need for a good error control method to solve the problem. This paper presents a novel error detection and concealment strategy along with watermark technique. The proposed watermark-based scheme utilizes two kinds of watermark technique, a fragile watermark is used to detect and localize errors, and a robust watermark is used to reconstruct error areas when errors exist. Experimental results show the proposed watermark-based scheme has good error detection capabilities and complete error recovery information, therefore significant improves video quality after errors happened, especially in the case of higher loss probabilities.

摘要 4
目錄 5
圖目錄 8
表目錄 12
第 1 章. 簡介 1
1.1. 動機 1
1.2. 視訊簡介 2
1.2.1. 視訊壓縮標準 2
1.2.2. 視訊錯誤簡介 8
1.3. 視訊壓縮標準採用的錯誤偵測與隱匿方法 10
1.3.1. 再同步標記 (Resynchronization Marker) 11
1.3.2. 標頭延伸碼 (Header Extension Codes) 11
1.3.3. 資料分割 (Data Partitioning) 11
1.3.4. 可逆式可變長度編碼 (Reversible Variable Length Coding) 12
1.4. 相關的錯誤偵測與隱匿方法 12
1.4.1. 錯誤偵測 12
1.4.2. 錯誤隱匿 14
第 2 章. 理論基礎 19
2.1. 數位浮水印簡介 19
2.2. 浮水印分類與相關研究 23
2.2.1. 可見式浮水印 (visible watermarking) 23
2.2.2. 不可見式浮水印 (invisible watermarking) 25
2.2.3. 易碎式浮水印 (fragile watermarking) 25
2.2.4. 強健式浮水印 (robust watermarking) 26
2.2.5. 空間域浮水印 (spatial domain watermarking) 26
2.2.6. 頻率域浮水印 (frequency domain watermarking) 28
2.2.7. 視訊浮水印 (video watermarking) 43
2.3. 相關浮水印錯誤偵測與隱匿方法 50
2.3.1. 錯誤偵測 51
2.3.2. 錯誤隱匿 54
2.3.3. 錯誤偵測與隱匿 58
第 3 章. 研究方法與步驟 61
3.1. 浮水印嵌入方法 61
3.1.1. 嵌入步驟的選擇 61
3.1.2. 浮水印嵌入技術 61
3.2. 浮水印擷取方法 63
3.2.1. 浮水印擷取技術 63
3.3. 浮水印實現步驟 64
3.3.1. 編碼端 64
3.3.2. 解碼端 74
第 4 章. 實驗結果與討論 80
4.1. 效能評估指標 80
4.2. 實作平台 81
4.3. 測試影像序列 82
4.4. 錯誤模擬 82
4.5. 實驗結果 85
4.5.1. 嵌入浮水印後之PSNR 85
4.5.2. 浮水印之bit load 87
4.5.3. 視訊錯誤偵測與隱匿 88
4.5.4. 依網路狀況實現錯誤偵測與隱匿 92
第 5 章. 結論和未來方向 95
5.1. 結論 95
5.2. 未來方向 95
參考文獻 97

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