綜合零售業包括超級市場、百貨公司、量販店及便利商店等四大行業。過去幾十年來，綜合零售業的發展樣貌已有重大改變，然而，文獻上對於四大行業的生命週期輪廓，以及外在環境如何影響整個產業樣貌的變遷，仍未進行完整地探討。另一方面，面對產業疆界愈來愈模糊的態勢，四大行業相互侵蝕的情形也愈來愈明顯，若僅考量單一業態將無法呈現特定行業的競爭態勢。
　　基於上述研究缺口，本研究乃根據商業生態系統觀點、PEST (politics, economics, social, and technology) 環境分析架構與行業生命週期理論，並運用次級資料分析法、個案分析法及專家訪談法，以期了解影響綜合零售業各業態更迭的關鍵環境因素、變遷歷程，以及過去與未來的競爭態勢。
　　本研究可能是第一篇從宏觀的商業生態系統角度檢視產業(或綜合零售業)變遷的研究，研究結果對於了解相鄰行業的跨業整合與競爭，提供了重要的實證證據。另一方面，本研究對於廠商如何在跨業競爭中理解自己的定位、建立本身的競爭優勢，也提供了實用的價值。最後，本研究也提出了研究限制與未來研究建議。

The composite retail industry includes four sub-industries: Supermarket, department stores, warehouse, and convenient stores. Over past decades, the evolutionary profile of this industry has changed significantly. However, the literature has not paid attention to the life cycle of the four sub-industries and the effects of external environment on the change of overall industry thus far. Equally, because the industry boundary becomes more and more vague, the cannibalization phenomenon among the four sub-industries are far more evident than ever before. As a result, the competitive dynamics of one sub-industry cannot be clearly identified without taking the overall industry into consideration.
To address the aforementioned gaps in the literature, the study employs the business ecosystem perspective, the PEST (politics, economics, social, and technology) framework, and the industry life cycle perspective and conduct secondary data analyses, case studies and expert in-depth interview in order to identify the evolutionary process and the past and future competitive profile of the composite retail industry, as well as the critical environmental factors that influence the change of the industry.
This study may be the first research that examines the evolution of an industry (or specifically the composite retail industry) from the macro ecosystem perspective. The research results has offered important evidence with regard to the cross-border integration and competition among adjacent industries. The findings also have implications for firms concerning how to position themselves in cross-industry competition and thus gain competitive advantage in an ecosystem. Limitations and future directions are discussed as well.

論文審定書 ........................................................................................................... i
摘要 ......................................................................................................................ii
Abstract ................................................................................................................ iii
圖次 ..................................................................................................................... vi
表次 .................................................................................................................... vii
第1 章 緒論....................................................................................................- 1 -
第1 節 研究背景與動機....................................................................................- 1 -
第2 節 研究目的................................................................................................- 2 -
第3 節 研究流程................................................................................................- 3 -
第2 章 文獻探討 ............................................................................................- 4 -
第1 節 綜合零售業............................................................................................- 4 -
第2 節 綜合零售業各業態簡介........................................................................- 5 -
第3 節 PEST 分析 ...............................................................................................- 7 -
第4 節 商業生態系統觀點................................................................................- 9 -
第5 節 產業生命週期理論............................................................................. - 15 -
第6 節 零售生命週期理論............................................................................. - 19 -
第3 章 研究方法 .......................................................................................... - 23 -
第1 節 觀念性架構......................................................................................... - 23 -
第2 節 資料蒐集方法..................................................................................... - 23 -
第4 章 研究發現 .......................................................................................... - 26 -
第1 節 綜合商品零售業業態產生之時空背景............................................. - 26 -
第2 節 營業額分析......................................................................................... - 35 -
第3 節 個案分析............................................................................................. - 41 -
第4 節 專家訪談............................................................................................. - 52 -
第5 章 結果與建議 ...................................................................................... - 56 -
第1 節 研究發現與結論................................................................................. - 56 -
第2 節 研究限制與未來研究建議................................................................. - 57 -
參考文獻 ......................................................................................................... - 59 -

壹、中文部分
1. 台灣經濟研究院產業界說2009版
http://tie.tier.org.tw/db/industry_definition/TIE2009版.pdf
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貳、英文部分
1. Blanca Riemer, Dori Jones Yang and Larry Armstrong, “The Deficit Busters’ New Targets: Rebuffed by Europe and Japan, The U.S. Goes After Korea and Taiwan,” Business Week, (October 20, 1986),pp.16
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6. Iansiti, M. & Levien, R., "The Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of BusinessEcosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability.", Boston, MA: HarvardBusiness School Press, 2004b.
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10. Walker, Gordon. 策略管理 (2005) 台北：美商麥格羅、希爾國際股份有限公司
參、網路資料
1. 今年量販店營收可望維持成長《產業經濟統計簡訊》283期
http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=9&html=1&menu_id=18808&bull_id=3099
2. 全聯真的能打敗7-11、取代超商嗎？兩大分析，看出全聯的轉型難題
https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/43002/can-pxmart-beat-7-11
3. 全聯林敏雄扳倒家樂福的祕密《財訊雙週刊》第 422 期
http://www.wealth.com.tw/article_in.aspx?nid=1734
4. 全聯娶松青 改寫通路零售大未來
https://www.scooptw.com/3701/全聯娶松青-改寫通路零售大未來
5. 走過半世紀　迎向新未來──遠東百貨50週年特別報導http://www.fenc.com/magazine/show_faq_new.aspx?SN=9169
6. 品質與創新　遠百實現頂級百貨服務《遠東人月刊》2012年10月號
http://www.fenc.com/magazine/show_faq_new.aspx?SN=6622
7. 挑戰統一超秘密武器：電商＋生鮮》全聯林敏雄：PChome要6小時 我1小時到貨！
http://wealth.businessweekly.com.tw/m/GArticle.aspx?id=ARTL000025221
8. 專訪統一超商前總經理徐重仁：創新來自於發掘消費者的內在需求-科技報橘
https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2013/10/23/interview-with-hsu-chung-jen/
9. 遠東百貨─逆齡魔女40，資本雄厚魅力依舊 股感知識庫
https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/遠東百貨─逆齡魔女40，資本雄厚魅力依舊/
10. 變形金鋼全聯─多策略並行坐穩市場寶座
https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/變形金鋼全聯-多策略並行坐穩市場寶座/