本論文提出一種應用於配電系統中，小型分散式發電(DG)之串聯型併聯運轉模組。其概念為僅使用一組電壓源轉換器(VSC)來注入不同的電壓大小及相位，以完成能量輸出及壓降補償的目的。經由能量儲存元件及VSC，將DG的能量輸出可隨線路負載變化而達成均載的作用。而在電壓驟降發生的情況下，該串聯型輸出模組能輸出一補償電壓，有效地解決壓降問題。由於併聯架構上的特性，該模組易於孤島現象的偵測及故障電流的限制。該架構適用於對於相位變動不甚敏感的環境。由於該架構僅使用一組VSC，在用戶端分散式發電的裝置上具經濟性，而其控制策略將視不同負載型態而定。

This thesis presents the applications of a series interconnection scheme for small distributed generation (DG) systems in distribution networks. The concept uses one set of voltage source converter (VSC) to control the injected voltage magnitude and phase angle for power injection and voltage sag mitigation. Through an energy storage device and the VSC, DG outputs vary concurrently with the line loading and provide load leveling functions. Under voltage sag situations, it provides missing voltages to effectively deal with power quality problems. Due to its series connection characteristic, it is convenient in preventing islanding operation and good for fault current limiting. The concept is suitable for locations where the voltage phase shift is not a major concern. Due to the use of only one set of converter, it is economic for customer site distributed energy resource applications and its control strategy would depend on the types of load connected.

目錄
中文摘要 ………………………………………………………… I
Abstract ………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
目錄 ………………………………………………………… III
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………… VI
表目錄 ………………………………………………………… X
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究背景與動機………………………… 1
1.2 現有分散式發電系統介紹……………… 2
1.3 分散式發電之併聯方式及相關規範…… 7
1.4 分散式發電之併聯方式及相關規範…… 13
1.4.1 台灣電力公司對於分散式能源系統的規範…… 13
1.4.2 IEEE針對分散式電源與電力系統併聯之建議標準14
1.5 本論文的主要貢獻……………………… 17
1.6 論文架構…………………………………… 17
第二章 一種串聯型分散式能源併聯運轉模組及其控制法… 19
2.1 整體架構及併聯方式……………………… 19
2.2 控制方式及功率輸出能力評估…………… 20
2.2.1 電壓相位變動法……………… 20
2.2.2 設備電壓忍受法……………… 24
2.2.3 控制方式之實現……………… 31
2.4 本章結論………………………………… 33
第三章 系統發生故障時能量輸出模組之因應措施………… 34
3.1 電壓驟降之成因………………………… 34
3.2 電壓驟降對設備之影響………………… 36
3.3 一般電壓驟降之改善方式……………… 38
3.3.1 並聯式電壓驟降改善方案……………… 39
3.3.2 串聯式電壓驟降改善方案……………… 41
3.3.3 串聯與並聯型設備之壓降改善能力比較 42
3.4 串聯型能量輸出模組之電壓驟降改善方式 44
3.4.1 動態電壓恢復器之電壓補償方法……… 44
3.4.2 動態電壓恢復器常用的三種補償方法… 46
3.4.3 動態電壓恢復器常用的三種補償方法之比較47
3.5 串聯型能量輸出模組的故障電流限制能力 49
3.5.1 一般分散式發電機的裝設對系統之衝擊… 49
3.5.2 串聯型能量輸出模組對故障電流限制之原理及 方法…… 50
3.6 串聯型能量輸出模組對孤島現象之偵測… 53
3.7 本章結論…………………………………… 57
第四章 系統動態模擬與硬體驗證…………………………… 58
4.1 市電系統正常情況下之運轉…………… 58
4.1.1 串聯型的併聯模組之功率輸出功能…… 61
4.1.2 串聯型的併聯模組之均載功能………… 63
4.2 系統發生電壓驟降情況下之運轉……… 68
4.3 用戶端發生接地或短路時故障電流的限制 70
4.4 孤島現象之偵測及防範…………………… 74
4.5 硬體製作與理論驗證……………………… 78
4.5.1 測試架構…………………………………… 78
4.5.2 測試結果…………………………………… 82
4.6 本章結論…………………………………… 86
第五章 結論與未來研究方向………………………………… 87
5.1 結論……………………………………… 87
5.2 未來研究方向……………………………… 88
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 90
附錄-模擬所用之Matlab模組…………………………………… 92

參考文獻
[1]L. Xu, E. Acha, and V.G. Agelidis, “A New Synchronous Frame-Based Control Strategy for a Series Voltage and Harmonic Compensator,” APEC 2001, p1274-1280.
[2]Roger C. Dugan, Electrical Power Systems Quality, McGraw-Hill
[3]L. Coles and R. W. Beck, “Distributed generation and provide an appropriate customer price response to help fix wholesale price volatility,” Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 141-143, 2001.
[4]P. P. Barker and R. W. De Mello, “Determining the impact of distributed generation on power systems. I. Radial distribution systems,” Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, vol. 3, pp. 1645-1656, 2000.
[5]Resource Dynamic Corporation, “Distributed generation,” [On line] Available http://www.distributed-generation.com/
[6]L. Zubieta, and G. Panza, “A Wide Input Voltage and High Efficiency DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell,” APEC 2005, Vol. 1, pp. 85-89.
[7]台灣電力公司汽電共生併聯技術要點
[8]IEEE std. 1547-2003, IEEE Draft Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEEE SCC21, 2001.
[9]C. W. Taylor., Power System Voltage Stability, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1994, p.72.
[10]Math H. J. Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems,” New York: IEEE Press, 1999.
[11]王安志、沈正杰、盧展南，「電壓驟降對可程式邏輯控制器之影響」，2004年第二十五屆電力工程研討會論文集，1864-1868頁。
[12]M. A. Eldery, E. F. El-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama, “Effect of Distributed Generator on the Allocation of D-STACOM in Distribution Network” Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005, pp. 181-185.
[13]M. H. Haque, “Compensation of Distribution System Voltage Sag by DVR and D-STATCOM,” IEEE Porto Power Tech Conference, 2001,Vol. 1, pp. 223-228.
[14]S. Suresh Kumar “Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVR) and their control,” [On line] Available http://sureshks.netfirms.com/article/dvr/dvr.htm
[15]G. Chen, D. Jiang, Z. Wu, Z. Lu, “Simulation Study of Bridge Type Solid State Fault Current Limiter for High-Voltage Power Network,” Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol. 4, pp. 2521-2526.
[16]M. Takeshita, H. Sugihara, “Effect of Fault Current Limiting of UPFC for Power Flow Control in Loop Transmission,” Proceedings of IEEE 2002 PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, Vol. 3, pp. 2032-2036.
[17]“Evaluation of islanding detection methods for photovoltaic utility-interactive power systems,” Report IEA-PVPS T5-09: 2002, March 2002.
[18]F. Z. Peng “Application Issues of Active Power Filters,” IEEE Industry Application Magazine, September/October 1998, Vol. 4, Issues 5, pp. 21-30.