海洋型微藻Nannochloropsis oculata為油性微藻，富含油脂，萃取出體內油脂能做為生質柴油的來源。本研究針對戶外溫控型生化反應系統 (Outdoor Temperature Controllable Photobioreactor System, OTCPS)進行微藻養殖，期盼成功培養出高純度且具有一定規模之藻液，作為下一階段大規模開放式養殖的基礎。研究中利用西子灣近岸海水做為主要養殖水源，應用Lambert-Beer’s law推算水體下的光線強度，運用控溫水槽不同淹沒水深，控制光強消散情況，同時達到抑制溫度的劇變。
水體中的溫度變化可藉由熱能傳輸基本定理加以解釋，本研究藻液水體溫度變化主要是依據熱輻射能與一階傅立葉熱傳導過程之原理計算，經實驗數據比對後，證實本定理可準確模擬育成桶內藻液白天之溫度變化。
結果顯示冬季藻體之OTCPS成長率 (μ)達0.33 d-1，高出夏季的0.20 d-1；這樣結果也許意謂著高溫是一種抑制因子。此外，當藻類濃度變高時，藻類吸收光源因藻體相互遮蔽效應會略顯不足，而降低藻類之光合作用。總結，本研究在南台灣 (高雄)進行戶外養殖，實驗過程涵蓋夏、秋、冬等季節，研究結果證實本反應器在溫熱帶地區確實可行。

Nannochloropsis oculata is one of promising oleaginous microalga, containing a plenty of fat which can be extracted and transformed into biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to develop a closed system, Outdoor Temperature Controllable Photobioreactor System (OTCPS), to cultivate the algae in pure and massive quantity. In this research, the seawater from Sizihwan is used as the cultivation liquid. Lambert-Beer’s Law is adopted to calculate the attenuation coefficient of light intensity in a water column. By adjusting the water depth, not only the light intensity but also the water temperature could be controlled at the optimal situation and thus avoids unfavorable temperature changing in harsh weather. Therefore to establish the relationship of light intensity and water temperature is critical for the success of growing microalgae in outdoor conditions.
The temperature variation of culture medium can be explained by the heat transfer theorem. In this study, the heat radiation mechanism and the first order of Fourier heat conductivity were adopted to simulate the liquid temperature change. The simulation results have shown good agreement with the filed data especially during daytime.
The experimental results reveal that the winter grow rate of Nannochloroposis oculata is 0.33 d-1 , while the summer growth rate is only 0.20 d-1 . This may imply that the high temperature is an inhibition to the growth of Nannochloroposis oculata. Besides when the cell density of microalgae is getting higher, each individual alga may create mutual shading effect and thus reduce the photosynthetic efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed photobioreactor has been successfully tested in summer, autumn, and winter at Kaohsiung, in the south of Taiwan. This indicates that this device can be broadly used in the subtropic zone

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 IV
圖次 IX
表次 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 本文組織 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 藻類之基本介紹 5
2.1.1 微藻類介紹 5
2.1.2 微生物的生長趨勢 8
一、遲滯期 (LAG PHASE) 9
二、對數期 (LOG OR EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE) 9
三、穩定期 (STATIONARY PHASE) 9
四、死滅期 (DECLINE OR LOGARITHMIC DECLINE PHASE) 9
2.2 微藻類的生長條件 10
2.2.1 影響藻類生長的物理因子 10
2.2.1.1光源與強度 10
2.2.1.2溫度 12
2.2.2 影響藻類生長的化學因子 12
2.2.2.1 二氧化碳 12
2.2.2.2 營養鹽 13
2.2.2.3 PH值 14
2.2.2.4 鹽度 14
2.2.3影響藻類生長的生物因子 15
2.2.3.1 原生動物攝食 15
2.3 光合作用 16
2.4 微藻類的死亡 18
2.5 微藻類培養系統 19
2.5.1 開放式培養 22
2.5.2 密閉式培養 24
2.6 微藻類的收集 27
2.6.1 混凝劑與助凝劑 28
2.6.1.1 混凝劑 28
2.6.1.2 助凝劑 28
第三章 材料與方法 31
3.1 現場環境基本資料 31
3.2 試驗設備 35
3.3 光照強度控制與溫度模擬 36
3.3.1 光照測試與控制 36
3.3.1.1 光度計校正 36
3.3.1.2 水中與藻液消光係數 38
3.3.2 藻液溫度模擬 39
3.4 藻種 41
3.5 養殖系統建立 44
3.6 養殖實驗流程 47
3.6.1 前培養 (育成桶) 48
3.6.2 主培養 (OTPS) 48
3.6.3 生長控制條件 49
3.7 微藻類的收集方式 52
3.7.1 混凝劑與高分子凝集劑配製 52
3.7.2 沈澱絆除法 52
3.7.3 溶氣浮除法 53
3.8 實驗分析方法 55
3.8.1 光照強度測定 55
3.8.2 微藻濃度分析方法 55
3.8.3 成長速率計算 57
3.8.4 水質監測 57
3.9 統計分析方法 58
第四章 結果與討論 59
4.1 光照強度衰減與控制模式 59
4.1.1 藻液內光照強度衰減 62
4.2 溫控模擬分析 63
4.3 戶外養殖成果 67
4.3.1 育成桶前培養 67
4.3.2 OTCPS主培養 70
4.3.2.1 戶外養殖成果 70
4.3.2.2 產率比較 75
4.4 現場環境因子與藻液濃度監測 77
4.4.1 溫度控制與監測 77
4.4.2 光照強度控制與監測 80
4.4.3 PH值監測結果 84
4.4.4 綜合討論與小結 87
4.5 藻類收集 88
4.5.1 藻液沉降瓶杯試驗 88
4.5.2 現場藻類收集 92
4.5.2.1 沉澱絆除 92
4.5.2.2 溶氣浮除法 94
4.4 顯著性及相關性分析 97
第五章 結論與建議 101
5.1 結論 101
5.2 建議 103
參考文獻 105
附錄A 生長條件建立 115
附錄B 營養鹽監測資料 119
附錄C 相關性分析資料 121

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