拉夫•沃恩威廉斯 (Ralph Vaughan Williams, 1872-1958)是英國二十世紀重要的藝術歌曲作曲家之一。《十首布雷克之歌》創作於一九五七年，選用聲樂和雙簧管的組合來譜寫。此作品原是為了紀念詩人威廉•布雷克 (William Blake, 1757-1827)冥誕兩百週年所創作的紀錄片配樂。詩詞選自《天真與經驗之歌》，以及《筆記本：手稿詩選》，後來以《十首布雷克之歌》為名集結出版。從十首歌曲中不同風格和手法創作可看出沃恩威廉斯晚年在英國藝術歌曲上成熟的表現。
本文主要分為六個部份：沃恩威廉斯的生平、沃恩威廉斯的藝術歌曲、威廉•布雷克的生平、《天真與經驗之歌》介紹、《十首布雷克之歌》創作背景和《十首布雷克之歌》的樂曲分析和詮釋建議。筆者希望透過樂曲的分析去探索沃恩威廉斯如何以多元的創作手法譜寫十八世紀偉大詩人威廉•布雷克的詩詞，以提升演唱此作品的深度和廣度。

Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) was one of the important English art song composers in the Twentieth century. His Ten Blake Songs for voice and oboe, composed in 1957, was commissioned for the documentary film The Vision of William Blake, which commemorated the bicentenary birth of the poet, William Blake (1757-1827). Ten poems were selected from Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience as well as Notebook: Manuscripts by Williams, and were later collected, composed, and published in the name of Ten Blake Songs. In this song collection, Ralph Vaughan Williams used a variety of styles and composition techniques, which demonstrated his maturity and sophistication in composing English art songs in his later years.
This study is consist of six parts, including the biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams, the characteristics of Vaughan Williams’ art songs, the biography of William Blake, introduction of Songs of Innocence and Experience, the composition background of Ten Blake Songs, and the analysis as well as interpretation of these songs. Through analyzing these songs, the author wishes to explores the multiple approaches Ralph Vaughan Williams took in composing the music and enhancing the poetry written by the great eighteenth-century poet, William Blake, as well as to provide references for performers to further enhance the breadth and depth in their performance.

目 錄

論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
一、前言 1
二、拉夫•沃恩威廉斯的生平 3
三、拉夫•沃恩威廉斯的藝術歌曲 7
四、威廉•布雷克的生平 9
五、威廉•布雷克《天真與經驗之歌》 12
六、《十首布雷克之歌》的創作背景 13
七、《十首布雷克之歌》之樂曲分析
1.〈童稚的歡樂〉(Infant Joy) 16
2.〈有毒的樹〉(A Poison Tree) 22
3.〈吹笛人〉(The Piper) 28
4.〈倫敦〉(London) 34
5.〈羔羊〉(The Lamb) 38
6.〈牧羊人〉(The Shepherd) 42
7.〈太陽花〉(Ah! Sun-Flower) 45
8.〈殘忍據有人的心靈〉(Cruelty Has A Human Heart) 49
9.〈至上的形象〉(The Divine Image) 53
10.〈永恆〉(Eternity) 56
八、結語 59
參考書目 61
附錄
附錄一：《十首布雷克之歌》的歌詞翻譯 63
附錄二：陳牧音碩士音樂會節目單 69
附錄三：陳牧音解說音樂會節目單 71

參考書目
英文部分
Cracchiolo, Margaret Anna. “A Comprehensive Case Study on the Ten Blake Songs by Ralph Vaughan Willims: from “Infant Joy” to “London”.” PhD diss., Florida State University, 2009.
Day, James. Vaughan Williams. New York : Oxford University Press, 1998.
Day, Martin S. History of English Literature 1660-1837. Taipei: Bookman Books, 1996.
Ellis, Edwin J. The Real Blake: A Portrait Biography. New York: Haskell House Publishers, 1970.
Gilchrist, Alexander. Life of William Blake : with selections from his poems and other writings. Vol. 1. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Harrison, Donna Esselstyn. Poetry in Song Literature: A Handbook for Students of Singing. Evanston, Ill. : Wm. Caxton, 1989.
Heffer, Simon. Vaughan Williams. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 2001.
Hold, Trevor. Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-Composers. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2005
Hurd, Michael. Liner notes for Along The Field, On Wenlock Edge, Merciless Beauty, Ten Blake Songs and other songs, by Ralph Vaughan Williams, Hyperion CDA67168, 1999, compact disc.
Kennedy, Michael. The Works of Ralph Vaughan Williams. London: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Kimball, Carol. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI : Hal Leonard, 2006.
Manning, David ed. Vaughan Williams on Music. New York : Oxford University Press, 2008
Paananen, Victor N. William Blake. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996.
Stevens, Denis. ed. A History of Song. New York: W. W. Norton, 1970.
Stevenson, W. H. ed. The Poems of William Blake. Harlow: Longman, 1985.
Summerfield, Henry. A Guide to the Books of William Blake for Innocent and Experienced Readers: with Notes on Interpretive Criticism 1910-1984. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Vaughan Williams, Ursula. R. V. W. A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

中文部分
李兆康。〈拉夫•馮威廉斯旅行之歌之作品研究及詮釋探討》。台灣：東吳大學音樂研究所碩士論文，2005。
車炎江。〈馮威廉斯藝術歌曲四首蕭芙的詩作品研究〉。台灣：東海大學音樂研究所碩士論文，2000。
威廉•布雷克(William Blake)。《布雷克詩選》(Selected Poems of William Blake)。張熾恆譯。台北市：書林出版有限公司，2008。
高東山。《英詩：格律與賞析》。台北市：台灣商務印刷館，2003。
張錯。《西洋文學術語手冊─文學詮釋舉隅》。台北市：書林出版有限公司，2011。
漢密爾頓(Edith Hamilton)。《希臘羅馬神話》(Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes)。新陸書局編譯。台北市：福懋出版社有限公司，2004。

網頁資料
“The Lamb” <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lamb> (accessed April 9, 2012)
Arts on Film Archive, University of Westminster, 2007 (accessed: 16 March 2012), < http://artsonfilm.wmin.ac.uk/films.php?a=view&recid=0>
Grove Music online, S. v. “Ralph Vaughan Williams,” by Hugh Ottaway and Alain Frogley. <http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/artical/grove/music/42507> (accessed Feb. 20, 2012)
Songs of Innocence and of Experience, copy C, object 3 "Title Page for Songs of Innocence" (Library of Congress): electronic edition (accessed: 18 April 2012) from <http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/object.xq?objectid=songsie.c.illbk.03&java=yes>

樂譜
Vaughan Williams, Ralph. Ten Blake Songs. London: Oxford University Press, 1958.

有聲資料
Vaughan Williams, Ralph. Along The Field, On Wenlock Edge, Merciless Beauty, Ten Blake Songs and other songs. John Mark Ainsley, Leo Phillips, Wlizabeth Wexler, Roger Chase, Paul Watkins, Gareth Hulse and Ian Brown / The Nash Ensemble. Hyperion CDA67168, 1999, compact disc.