本研究擬研發穩定乳化生質燃料，利用油品燃料不同條件下進行不同比例混合，並添加奈米碳材之多壁奈米碳管均勻分散到乳化混合燃料中，使純水等添加物在進入引擎汽缸前乳化形成微小油滴。由於奈米粒子擁有高表面活性之優勢，可提高引擎燃燒效率，有效減少燃燒不完全與引擎油路堵塞引擎熄火情形，以及降低傳統污染物(NOx、PM2.5、CO)和多環芳香烴(PAHs)毒性污染氣體排放。實驗結果顯示，多壁奈米碳管之最佳條件為反應溫度 700℃、氫氣/乙烯 1:1 混合，流速 60 ml/min 時可合成長度300~500 nm，表面積100~150 m2/g之多壁奈米碳管。而三相乳化最佳條件以轉速 2800 rpm、溫度 50℃、HLB 值為 7.2 (Span:Tween:3:1) ，可以製成粒徑300~560 nm 三相乳化生質柴油，且靜置 30 天穩定性良好。而多壁奈米碳管添加量和削減率成正相關，添加多壁奈米碳管濃度越高，更能有效減少污染排放。當添加量為 100 mg/L 時，與無添加奈米碳管相比，不同混合燃料之BTE 可平均可上升 16.1~17.8%，而 BSFC 減少20.1~25.5%。傳統污染物部分CO、NOx、PM2.5、Total- PAHs及Total-BaPeq削減率分別為20.9~37.3%、19.9~24.5%、30.1~35.6%、33.5~49.9% 及 28.9~41.1%。

The objective of this study was to prepare Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which was also synthesizing a novel hybrid nano carbon materials to be an additive, in order to decrease pollutants emissions such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particle matter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The experiment was operated using hydrogen to ethylene volumn ratio of 1at a rate of 60 mL/min and a reaction temperature of 700℃, could be successfully prepared MWCNTs within the length range of 300~500nm and the specific surface area more than 100~150 m2/g. Otherwise, the perated condition of three-phase emulsification were prepared by the rotation speed of 2800 rpm, reaction temperature of 50℃ and the value of HLB was 7.2. Using surfacetant in the blend at the ratio of 3 could be magnificently produced the size range with in 300~560 nm of three-phase emulsification biodiesel. The emulsification biodiesel could stable for 30 days without separated. Compared to the pure biodiesel, the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was positively correlated with the increase addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which was more effective in reducing the pollution emission. The reduction rates of CO, NOx, PM2.5 ,Total- PAHs and Total-BaPeq in traditional pollutants were 20.9~37.3%, 19.9~24.5%, 30.1~35.6%, 33.5~49.9% and 28.9~41.1%.

學術論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
ABSTRACT v
目錄 vi
圖目次 ix
表目次 xii
第一章 前 言 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
2-1國際生質能源現況 3
2-2生質能源介紹 4
2-2-1生質能源 4
2-2-2生質柴油 5
2-2-3生質柴油之特性 10
2-2-4生質燃料之應用與發展趨勢 13
2-3奈米科技環境應用 13
2-4奈米碳管簡介 14
2-5乳化技術介紹 16
2-5-1乳化技術 16
2-5-2乳化劑 18
2-5-3乳化油穩定度 19
2-5-4乳化油之各組成特性及比例 20
2-5-5微米級乳化油 22
2-6柴油引擎 22
2-6-1生質柴油於引擎運轉下污染物之排放特徵 22
2-6-2乳化燃料於引擎運轉下污染物之排放特徵 23
2-6-3多環芳香烴之形成機制 24
2-6-4多環芳香烴之排放特徵 28
第三章 研究方法 30
3-1 研究流程與原因 30
3-2 多壁奈米碳管製備材料與方法 31
3-3 三重乳化製備方法 34
3-4 柴油引擎發電機 34
3-5柴油引擎排氣採樣系統 36
3-5-1傳統污染物採樣方法 36
3-5-2 懸浮微粒採樣與分析 36
3-5-3多環芳香烴(PAHs)採樣 37
3-5-3-1 PAHs採樣步驟 37
3-5-3-2 PAHs分析系統 40
3-5-3-3氣相質譜儀(GC/MS)之分析 42
3-6 不同混合油品 42
3-7 貴重儀器之配合使用情形 45
第四章 研究成果 48
4-1多壁奈米碳管最佳合成溫度探討 48
4-1-1場發射掃描式顯微鏡(F-ESEM)分析 48
4-1-2穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)分析 50
4-2多壁奈米碳管分析 54
4-2-1拉曼光譜儀(Raman)分析 54
4-2-2比表面積(BET)分析 55
4-2-3元素分析儀(EA)分析 55
4-2-4能量散射光譜儀(EDS)分析 56
4-3三重相乳化油性質分析 57
4-3-1界面活性劑添加比例 57
4-3-2粒徑分析 58
4-3-3電子顯微鏡分析 59
4-4 添加多壁奈米碳管燃料於引擎性能與排放特性影響 62
4-4-1制動熱效率 62
4-4-2制動單位燃料消耗率 64
4-4-2一氧化碳(CO)之排放特徵 66
4-4-3氮氧化物(NOx)之排放特徵 68
4-4-4懸浮微粒(PM2.5)之排放特徵 69
4-4-5多環芳香烴之排放特徵 71
4-4-5-1 LM-PAHs、MM-PAHs、HM-PAHs與Total-PAHs探討 71
4-4-5-2 Total-BaPeq探討 77
4-5成本與能源效益評估 85
4-5-1成本推估 85
4-5-2能源效益評估 85
第五章 結論與建議 87
5-1結論 87
5-2建議 88
第六章 參考文獻 89

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