天線是在傳送及接收系統中被設計來輻射或接收電磁波的部份，它是電與波的轉能器(transducer)，所以將電能轉換成波輻射出去為其主要的目的。
本論文利用螺旋性天線在軸向模態形式時的高指向性、寬頻和圓形極化的特性，以廣泛應用在衛星通訊(如：全球衛星定位系統，GPS)。
由於微波介電陶瓷材料的高介電常數、高品質因子、及溫度係數穩定的特性使其成為近年來衛星及無線行動通訊上熱門的使用材質。本論文也採其高介電常數的特性，將天線尺寸大幅縮小。
結合以上兩者的特性即為本論文所要研製、探討的陶瓷螺旋性天線。

Antennas are designed to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves in the part of transmitting or receiving system. They are transducers which transform electric energy into waves so as to radiate radio waves, that’s the primary purpose of antennae.

Utilizing the characteristics of helical antennae operating in the axial mode including high directivity, broad bandwidth and circular polarization in satellite communication (ex. GPS) is detailed described in this thesis.

The microwave dielectric ceramic material becomes very popular in satellite and wireless communication in recent years because of its high-K, high-Q,and stable-temperature-coefficient characteristics.Our study also utilizes its feature of high dielectric coefficient to shrink the size of the antenna significantly.

In this study, we fabricate and analyze the antenna combining the advantages of the helical antenna and the microwave dielectric ceramic material.

摘　要 iii
摘　要(英文) iv
目　錄 v
圖表目錄 vii
圖 vii
表 ix
第一章 緒　論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 螺旋性天線的簡介 1
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 論文大綱 2
第二章 螺旋性天線 3
2.1 天線結構 3
2.2 法向模態螺旋性天線(Normal Mode Helix) 5
2.3 軸向模態螺旋性天線(Axial Mode Helix) 7
第三章 微波介電陶瓷材料 (Microwave Dielectric Ceramic) 10
3.1 背景 10
3.2 微波介電材料性質 12
3.3 微波介電材料種類 16
第四章 設計和模擬 18
4.1 HFSS學理及特點 19
4.2 有限元素法(The Finite Element Method) 21
第五章 模擬與實驗結果 25
5.1 天線物理結構 25
5.2 數值模擬與實驗 28
5.3 阻抗匹配 31
5.4 極化分析 36
5.5 軸比(Axial Ratio)之改善 40
5.6 其它之應用 45
第六章 結論與未來研究 47
附錄A 49
何謂GPS系統？ 49
附錄B 52
有限元素法 52
參考文獻 75

[1] P. J. B Clarricoats, Y. Rahmat-Samii, J. R Wait, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series 28, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1989.
[2] J. D. Kruas, Antennas, McGrall Hill, New York, 1988.
[3] Chaien-Jen Wang, Christina F. Jou, and Song-Tsuen Peng, “ Small Microstrip Helical Antenna”, Microwave Conference, 1999 Asia Pacific , Page(s): 367 -370 ,1999.
[4] Warren L. Stutzman Gary A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, Wiley, 1998.
[5] Balanis, Antenna Theory analysis and Design, Wiley, 1997.
[6] R.D.Richtmyer, “Dielectric Resonator”, J.Appl.phys., 10, pp.391-398, 1939.
[7] S.B.Cohn, “Microwave Bandpass Filters Containing High-Q Dielectric Resonator”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, MTT-16, pp.218-217, 1968.
[8] K.wakine, “Recent Development of Dielectric Resonator Materials and filters in Japan”, Ferroelectrics 91, pp.69-86, 1989.
[9] R.C.Kell et al., “High-Permittivity Temperature-Stable Ceramics Dielectric with Low Microwave Loss”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., V56, pp.352-354, 1973.
[10] T.Yamaguchi et al., “Newly Developed Ternary (Ca,Sr,Ba)Zirconate Ceramic System for Microwave Resonators”, Ferroelectrics, V.27, pp.273-276, 1980.
[11] H.M. O’Bryan et al., “Phase Equilibria in the TiO2-Rich Region of the system BaO-TiO2”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., V.57[12], pp.522-526, 1974.
[12] P.C. Osbond et al., “The Properties and Microwave Applications of Zirconnium Titanate Stannaate Ceramics”, Brit. Ceram. Proc., V.36, pp.167-178, 1985.
[13] K.Wakino et al., “Microwave Characteristics of (Zr,Sn)TiO4 and BaO-PbO-Nd2O3-TiO2 Dielectric Resonators”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., V.67, pp.167-178, 1984.
[14] S.Kawashima et al., “Dielectric Properties of Ba( )O3- Ba( )O3 Ceramics”, Proc. Ferroelectr. Mater. Appl. Japan., V.1, pp. 1455-1463, 1977.
[15] S.Nomura et al., “Ba( )O3 Ceramics with Temperature-Stable High Dielectric Constant and Low Microwave Loss”, Jpn. J. App. Phys., V.21[10], pp.L624-L626, 1982.
[16] Ansoft Corporation, Getting Started: A Radiation Problem, Ansoft Corporation, 1997.
[17] Tatsuo Itoh, Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter –Wave Passive Structure, Wiley, 1988.
[18] Nakano, Hisamatsu, Helical and spiral antennas : a numerical approach, Letchworth, Research Studies Press, 1987.
[19] Huebner, Kenneth H. & Thornton, The finite element method for engineers Earl A., New York, Wiley, 1982.
[20] B. A. Finalayson and L. E. Scriven, “The Method of Weighted Residuals – A Review, Appl. Mech. Rev., Vol. 19,No. 9, September 1966, pp. 735-748.
[21] J. T. Oden, “A General Theory of Finite Elements. I: Topological Considerations,” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1969.
[22] J. T. Oden, “A General Theory of Finite Elements. I: Applications,” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1969.