摘要
本研究之科學目的為探討不同懸浮顆粒在沉降與再懸浮作用中之水動力行為。過去對於海洋懸浮顆粒之物理和生地化的特質對其水動力之行為並未涉及很多，因此，期望透過本研究以達到全方位觀察懸浮顆粒之運動行為。懸浮顆粒之傳輸作用，會受到顆粒本身粒徑及其密度等兩個重要因素來控制沈降速度及水中之運動，並進而影響懸浮顆粒的分佈特性。本研究區域位於台灣西南海域高屏陸棚與高屏海底峽谷，現場實驗方法主要是以錨碇儀器進行高屏陸棚與峽谷之時間序列觀測，觀測項目包括水文、流場及懸浮顆粒濃度場等時間序列資料。另一方法是透過海研三號研究船，於高屏峽谷轉折處進行觀測瞬時水文、流場及懸浮顆粒濃度場等垂直空間資料，同時採集水樣，將多種方式之觀測結果加以整合分析。
根據高屏陸棚之時空觀測結果顯示，懸浮顆粒越接近底部則粗顆粒濃度較大，細顆粒在上層濃度較大。陸棚地區之懸浮粗顆粒(> 250 μm)和鹽度的相關性較高，以非碎屑性物質為主，而細顆粒則受到流速影響較大，以碎屑性物質為主要組成。懸浮顆粒在水體中之分佈主要受到當地流場影響，不同粒徑濃度在水層之分佈會隨著流速改變，流速強分佈結構以粗顆粒為主，流速弱則以細顆粒為主要分佈。
高屏峽谷之懸浮顆粒濃度會隨著深度而逐漸增加，但由LISST-100與水樣分析峽谷垂直之顆粒分佈觀測，兩者呈現相反的結構分佈，顯示不同觀測方法會導致不同觀測結果，必須由水動力觀點來檢驗。佈放於峽谷上下層之沉積物串列有一致的潮汐訊號，大潮潮流能量大時，水體中之沉降顆粒濃度較大，由較多非碎屑性顆粒組成。進一步分析峽谷碎屑性與非碎屑性顆粒之粒徑，發現非碎屑性顆粒以較粗顆粒(> 63 μm)為主。由懸浮顆粒總重量之證據顯示峽谷底部之沉積物顆粒並非完全由上層沉降至下層，可能由於底層強勁的潮流運動，使懸浮顆粒有水平搬運及再懸浮作用。
不同種類顆粒受不同水動力作用控制其分佈情形。高屏海底峽谷與近岸陸棚其懸浮顆粒之運動，往覆性潮流作用可以有效的驅動懸浮顆粒傳輸。

Abstract
The goal of this study is to infer the nature of suspended particles from settling, advection, and resuspension processes. Previous studies have not shown that the influence of physical and biogeochemical nature on the behavior of suspended particles. Therefore we expect to observe differential hydrodynamic behavior of suspended particles of different nature in the study. The size distribution of suspended particles is a variable of sediment transport. Size and density, which play a major role in distribution of particles through the water column, are two of primary factors in determining the settling velocity of suspended particles. The sites of the field experiments were located on the Kao-ping Shelf and Kao-ping Submarine Canyon in Southern Taiwan in order to observe resuspension and settling processes. The field experiments were conducted to deploy moored instruments at the two study sites for collecting the time series data. The experiments also included profiling of temporal and special particle and hydrographic parameters along the Kao-ping Submarine Canyon using R/V Ocean Researcher III. In this study we employed a multidisciplinary approach to the study of suspended particles on a plainer inner shelf and sinuous submarine canyon.
Base on the observations on the Kao-ping Shelf, the concentration of coarse-grained suspended particles near the bottom was greater than near the surface, and the fine-grained suspended particles was greater near the surface than the bottom. Coarse-grained suspended particles had better correlation with salinity of which nonlithogenic matters were the primary constituents. Fine-grained suspended particles, which consist mainly of lithogenic matters, were affected more by the current. Initial analysis of the data showed that local current speed controlled the distribution of different sizes particles. When strong currents were present, there were more coarse-grained suspended particles. Conversely, there were more fine-grained suspended particles.
Regarding the temporal and special observations in the Kao-ping Submarine Canyon, the concentration of suspended particles increased with depth. The compositions of suspended particles measured by LISST-100 and water samples in the submarine canyon showed opposite trends. It revealed that different methods lead to different results. The two sediment trap arrays deployed in submarine canyon were influenced by oscillatory tidal currents. In spring tide there was high concentration of settling particles, which is composed of nonlithogenic materials. Suspended particles in the lower part of the submarine canyon did not all come from the upper part of the canyon but were transported by strong tidal currents to the observed site.
The distributions of different sizes particles were the result by different hydrodynamic behavior due to nature of particles. Oscillatory tidal currents could affect the transports of suspended particles from the Kao-ping continental shelf to the Kao-ping Submarine Canyons.

目錄
章次 頁次
誌謝 --------------------------------------------------- I
中文摘要 --------------------------------------------- III
英文摘要 ---------------------------------------------- IV
目錄 -------------------------------------------------- VI
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------ IX
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------- X
第一章、序論 ------------------------------------------- 1
1-1、前言 ---------------------------------------------- 1
1-2、研究目的 ------------------------------------------ 5
第二章、研究區域 --------------------------------------- 6
2-1、高屏峽谷河海動力系統介紹 -------------------------- 6
2-1-1、高屏溪 ------------------------------------------ 6
2-1-2、高屏陸棚及斜坡高屏峽谷 -------------------------- 7
2-1-3、高屏峽谷 ---------------------------------------- 9
2-2、前人研究 ----------------------------------------- 11
第三章、現場觀測與分析方法 ----------------------------- 14
3-1、實驗設計理念與測線規劃 --------------------------- 14
3-2、觀測儀器設備介紹及現場佈放 ----------------------- 16
3-2-1、船測儀器設備 ----------------------------------- 16
3-2-2、時空觀測 (剖面) -------------------------------- 17
3-2-3、錨碇儀器設備 ----------------------------------- 17
1. 四腳架 --------------------------------------------- 18
2. 沉積物收集器串 ------------------------------------- 21
3-3、實驗室樣品分析 ----------------------------------- 25
3-3-1、水樣代表性分析 --------------------------------- 25
3-3-2、沉積物收集器樣品分樣 --------------------------- 25
3-3-3、沉積物收集器樣品洗鹽 --------------------------- 26
3-3-4、雷射粒徑分析 ----------------------------------- 26
3-4、時序分析 ----------------------------------------- 27
3-4-1、頻譜分析 --------------------------------------- 27
3-4-2、經驗正交函數 ----------------------------------- 28
第四章、觀測結果與資料分析 ---------------------------- 29
4-1、高屏陸棚時空觀測 --------------------------------- 29
4-1-1、觀測資料處理與描述 ------------------------------ 29
4-1-2、近岸水文環境 ----------------------------------- 31
4-1-3、懸浮沉積物分析 --------------------------------- 34
4-1-4、再懸浮沉積物事件 ------------------------------- 40
4-2、高屏海底峽谷時空觀測 ----------------------------- 45
4-2-1、水文環境變化 ----------------------------- 45
4-2-2、懸浮顆粒垂直分佈 ------------------------------- 48
4-2-3、連續水樣分析結果 ------------------------------- 52
4-3、高屏海底峽谷時序觀測 ----------------------------- 54
4-3-1、峽谷水文環境 ----------------------------------- 54
4-3-2、懸浮顆粒時空分佈 ------------------------------- 58
4-3-3、區分不同方法所測量之懸浮顆粒--------------------- 65
4-3-4、沉降作用探討 ----------------------------------- 70
4-3-5、經驗函數結果 ----------------------------------- 78
第五章、討論 ------------------------------------------ 83
5-1、分析懸浮顆粒濃度方法之比較 ------------------------ 83
5-2、高屏陸棚及近岸輸出對高屏峽谷懸浮顆粒之傳輸機制 --- 89
5-3、比較不同粒徑之沉降速度 --------------------------- 91
第六章、 結論 ----------------------------------------- 93
第七章、 參考文獻 ------------------------------------- 95
附錄 ------------------------------------------------- 101

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