亨利．柯維爾（1897-1965），二十世紀美國作曲家，他為首位在鋼琴音樂上提出音堆概念者，並於鋼琴作品中大量使用非傳統的演奏技巧，其著作與音樂評論展現出他創新的音樂理論與獨特的個人想法。在鋼琴音樂中，柯維爾運用手臂、手掌與拳頭彈奏音堆，並在鋼琴內部彈奏琴弦製造出新的鋼琴音色，為鋼琴音樂不論在樂譜或演奏上，都發展出新的視覺與聽覺效果。
本文除前言與結論外，分為三部分，第一部分敘述二十世紀非傳統鋼琴演奏技巧的源起與發展，第二部分介紹柯維爾的生平與其鋼琴音樂創作手法，描述其創作相關的背景與音樂理念，第三部分為柯維爾非傳統鋼琴技巧獨奏作品，探討各種音堆與琴弦的彈奏與運用方式，藉由這些特殊技巧了解柯維爾鋼琴作品的創作手法與獨特之處，並提醒演奏家彈奏時應注意的事項，避免造成演奏傷害或是損壞鋼琴。

Henry Cowell (1897-1965), American composer in 20th century, is the first who proposed the concept of tone clusters and placed many new techniques in his piano music. Innovative music theories and unique thoughts were displayed in his compositions and critiques. For developing both new visual and audio effects of piano music, Cowell played tone clusters with arms, palms, and fists, and also played strings inside piano to give new gesture and timbre of piano.
This thesis is divided into three parts besides introduction and conclusion. The first part describes the origin and development of new piano techniques in the 20th century. The second part investigates Cowell’s compositional career, compositional methods and thoughts for piano music. The third part analyzes ways of performing tone clusters and strings in Cowell’s solo piano pieces with new techniques. Through analyzing these particular techniques, the compositional methods and uniqueness of Cowell’s piano music could be understood. In the meanwhile, the performers will pay more attention to avoid performing injuries and damaging pianos.

前言 1

非傳統鋼琴演奏技巧 4

亨利．柯維爾之生平與鋼琴音樂創作手法 6
生平 6
鋼琴音樂創作手法 10

亨利．柯維爾非傳統鋼琴技巧獨奏作品 17
音堆之演奏方式 17
琴弦之演奏方式 28
演奏時應注意之事項 31

結語 33

【附錄】亨利．柯維爾鋼琴獨奏作品一覽表 36

參考書目 39

西文書目
Bauer, Marion. “Twenty-Five Years with the League of Composers.” The Musical Quarterly, 34:1 (1948:Jan.): 1-14.
Boziwick, George. “Henry Cowell at the New York Public Library: A Whole World of Music.” Notes, 57:1 (2000:Sept.): 46-58.
Brindle, Reginald Smith. The New Music – The Avant-garde since 1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Burge, David. Twentieth Century Piano Music. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990.
Cowell, Henry. American Composers on American Music. California: Stanford University Press, 1933.
______. “From Tone Clusters to Contemporary Listeners.” Music Journal, 14:1 (1956: Jan.): 5-6.
______. New Musical Resources. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Hicks, Michael. “Cowell’s Clusters.” The Musical Quarterly, 77:3 (1993: Fall): 428-458.
______. Henry Cowell, Bohemian. United States: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
Higgins, Dick. Essential Cowell – Selected Writings on Music. New York: McPherson & Company, 2002.
Hitchcock, H. Wiley. Music in the United States: A Historical Introduction. United States: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Kruja, Mira. Piano Inside Out: The Expansion of the Expressive, Technical, and Sonorous Spectrum in Selected Twentieth-Century Art-Music Repertoire for the Modern Acoustic Piano. D.M.A. diss., University of Kentucky, 2004.
Mead, Rita H.. “The Amazing Mr. Cowell.” American Music, 1:4 (1983: Winter): 63-89.
Morgan, Robert P.. Twentieth-Century Music: A History of Musical Style in Modern Europe and America. New York: Norton, 1911.
Nicholls, David. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, s.v. “Henry Cowell.”
Rischitelli, Victor Emanuel. “Henry Cowell and the Impact of his First European Tour (1923).” M.M., Australian Catholic University, 2005.
Sadie, Stanley. The New Grove Twentieth-century American Masters. London: Macmillan London Limited, 1988.
Stallings, Stephanie N.. “’New Growth from New Soil’: Henry Cowell’s Application and Advocacy of Modern Musical Values.” M.M., The Florida State University, 2005.
Weisgall, Hugo. “The Music of Henry Cowell.” The Musical Quarterly, 45:4 (1959: Oct.): 484-507.

中文書目
王婷（2009）。 《約翰．凱基預置鋼琴研究》。 國立中山大學音樂研究所碩士論文。
李美文（2000）。 《從演奏法觀點探討喬治克倫姆六首鋼琴獨奏曲》。 台北：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
許萓庭（2005）。 《初探美國二十世紀非傳統鋼琴技巧：以柯維爾、凱基、克倫姆之作品為例》。 國立中山大學音樂研究所碩士論文。
楊聿聖（2008）。 《探索Charles Seeger與Henry Cowell的作曲理論，並以Cowell的〈浪漫四重奏〉為曲例》。 國立台北藝術大學音樂學研究所碩士論文。
楊沛仁（2005）。 《音樂史與欣賞》。 台北：美樂出版社。

樂譜
Cowell, Henry. Amerind Suite. Pennsylvania: Shawnee Press Inc., 1939.
______. Dynamic Motion, Five Encores to “Dynamic Motion”. Florida: Masters Music Publications.
______. Hilarious Curtain Opener and Ritournelle. New Music Edition, 1945.
______. Maestoso. New Music Edition, 1940.
______. Piano Music. New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1922.
______. Piano Music Volume Two. New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1982.
______. Rhythmicana. New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1975.
______. Six Ings. Florida: Masters Music Publications.
______. Sway Dance. U.S.A.: Merion Music, 1958.
______. The Irishman Dances. New York: Carl Fischer, 1936.
______. Three Irish Legends. Florida: Masters Music Publications.
______. Three Pieces : Exultation, Episode, The Lilt of the Reel. Florida: Masters Music Publications.
______. Two Woods. U.S.A.: Merion Music, 1947.

有聲資料
Henry Cowell, Piano Music. CD, Canada: Smithsonian Folkways, SF 40801, 1993.
New Music: Piano Compositions By Henry Cowell. CD, San Francisco: New Albion Records, NA 103 CD, 1999.