在多數基礎工業中，管線輸送扮演著重要的角色。但管線在長時間的使用後，會有被腐蝕的情形發生，當過度腐蝕時，會使管線內的運輸物質外洩，導致工安意外，故必須定期檢測管線之厚度。但許多管線皆於高溫環境下操作，欲偵測其厚度必須先停工待檢，以致造成龐大之停工損失，因此，針對高溫管線厚度之即時檢測是有必要的。
本研究將利用低成本的PZT(Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3)感測器進行高溫管線厚度之即時檢測，PZT感測器既是發射器也是接收器。可耐高溫之PZT感測器直接以耐高溫之耦合劑黏貼於管壁上，利用脈衝使PZT感測器產生超音波往工作物件傳導，回傳的訊號由同一個PZT感測器接收並傳回自行設計之GUI(Graphic User Interface)系統計算，透過GUI系統可立即得知管壁厚度。此外，在高溫環境之下，波速會因溫度上升而有所變化，進而影響量取厚度的準確性。因此，本文利用A36鋼板與A36鋼管作為實驗試材，求取不同溫度時之波速，並結合不同試材之實驗結果模擬出高溫波速修正曲線，利用修正後之波速來計算管道厚度可減少計算厚度的誤差。實驗結果顯示若高溫之波速未經修正會造成管線厚度計算厚度較實際厚度大進而增加了危險性。故高溫時，波速修正是有必要性的。
關鍵字：PZT感測器,管線厚度量測,波速修正曲線,GUI系統

The pipeline is playing an important role in industry nowadays. However, the inner wall of pipeline may suffer corrosion after a long service time. When excessive corrosion occurred, not only the transported material inside the pipe will let out but also serious accident may be induced. So, it’s necessary to monitor pipeline thickness regularly. Conventionally, since most piping systems were subjected to high-temperature working environments, hence if an operator intend to examine the thickness of a pipeline, the whole piping system need to be shutdown and resulted in financial losses. Therefore, to develop on-line thickness measurement technique for pipelines subjected to high-temperature working environment is indispensable.
　　In this study, low-cost PZT sensors (Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3), which can sustain high-temperature working environment, were used to execute the thickness measurements. A single PZT, which was bonded on the surface of a pipe as an actuator and a receiver simultaneously. Then, by utilizing the GUI(Graphic User Interface) system, which was designed in this study, the echo signal can be analyzed and the thickness of the pipe can be determined on-line and automatically. It is noted that the wave speed changed as environmental temperature increased. So, in this study, by using A36 steel plates and steel tubes as a specimens, a modified temperature versus wave velocity curve was proposed.. The experimental results showed that non-conservative thickness measurements will be obtained if modified wave speed was not adopted when working temperature increased.
keywords：Thickness measurement, PZT sensor, GUI system, Modified wave velocity curve.

目錄 i
表目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
摘要 viii
Abstract ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究源起與目的 1
1.2文獻探討 3
1.3本文架構 6
第二章 實驗架構與方法 11
2.1研究方法 11
2.2實驗儀器簡介與用途說明 12
2.2.1實驗用PZT感測器 12
2.2.2耦合劑與背膠層 13
2.2.3加熱裝置與溫度計 14
2.2.4分厘卡與游標卡尺 15
2.2.5超音波脈衝發射接收儀與示波器 16
2.3實驗步驟 16
第三章 GUI系統之建構 37
3.1 GUI系統介面 37
3.2 GUI系統之建構 38
3.2.1 GUI系統之濾波器建構 38
3.2.2 GUI系統之訊號擷取原理 39
3.2.3示波器擷取的穩定度 42
3.2熱膨脹係數之決定 43
3.3圓管厚度膨脹之模擬 45
第四章 實驗結果與討論 58
4.1波速量測結果 58
4.2溫度對實驗的影響 59
4.3波速與溫度的關係 62
4.4厚度誤差率分析 65
第五章 結論與未來展望 78
5.1結論 78
5.2未來展望 79
參考文獻 81
附錄A GUI系統之程式碼 85
附錄B 不同溫度時A36鋼材理論厚度、量測週期與求得之波速 90
附錄C A36鋼材之波速與溫度的線性迴歸關係式 96

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