本研究分別以痲瘋樹油、廢食用油及大豆油為原料油，探討不同催化劑濃度、反應時間、反應溫度、醇油比及催化劑種類對生質柴油產率之影響，且利用微波加熱縮短轉酯化反應所需時間使反應更完全。本研究以痲瘋樹油、廢食用油及大豆油當原料油，用微波加熱生產生質柴油之最佳操作條件中，分別添加[PyrMe][HSO4]、[PyrMeBuS][HSO4]及[MorMeA][Br]等三種不同類型離子液體與兩性離子液體進行共催化當催化劑。其中以大豆油當原料油，在反應時間6 min、反應溫度70 ℃及醇油比9：1時，添加[MorMeA][Br]催化效果為最佳99.4%。而在最佳反應條件下，比較添加含硫酸根之離子液體與含硫酸根之兩性離子液體之催化效果，其產率分別為97.2%與98.7%，由研究結果可以得知添加兩性離子液體進行共催化較同性質之離子液體具提升生質柴油產率之效果。比較痲瘋樹油與大豆油之最佳操作條件為氫氧化鈉濃度0.75 wt%添加[MorMeA][Br]1.00 wt%、醇油比9：1、反應時間6 min及反應溫度70 ℃可得最佳產率98.5%與99.4%。而廢食用油之最佳操作條件為氫氧化鈉濃度0.75 wt%添加[MorMeA][Br]1.00 wt%、醇油比9：1、反應時間7 min及反應溫度70 ℃可得最佳產率98.1%。其原因為廢食用油中含有油炸食物後所殘留之雜質，導致其產率較低且需較長之反應時間。

This study used jatropha oil, waste cooing oil, and soybean oil as the raw materials for investigating effects of catalyst concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil ratio, and catalyst types on biodiesel yield. The authors also heated up the oil to speed up the transesterification and to make the reaction more complete. Jatropha oil, waste cooing oil, and soybean oil were used as the raw materials, and three types of ionic liquid or zwitterionic liquid, [PyrMe][HSO4], [PyrMeBuS][HSO4], and [MorMeA][Br], were added as catalysts for co-catalysis while heating the oil raw materials to create the best operational condition for biodiesel production. For soybean oil used as the raw material, the best catalyzing effect (a 99.4% yield) was achieved by adding [MorMeA][Br] while the reaction time was 6min, reaction temperature was 70 ℃, and the methanol-to-oil ratio was 9:1. Under the best reaction condition, catalyzing effect was compared between the addition of sulfate-containing ionic liquid and sulfate-containing zwitterionic liquid. The yield of the addition of sulfate-containing ionic liquid and sulfate-containing zwitterionic liquid were 97.2% and 98.7% respectively. It can be found from this study that for increasing biodiesel yield, the addition of zwitterionic liquid for co-catalysis is more effective than the addition of homogeneous ionic liquid. Comparing the best operational condition between jatropha oil and soybean oil, the best yield of jatropha oil and soybean oil was 98.5% and 99.4% respectively, while the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.75 wt%, [MorMeA][Br] of 1.00 wt% was added, the methanol-to-oil ratio was 9:1, the reaction time was 6 min, and the reaction temperature was 70℃. As for disposed cooking oil, the best operational condition rendered a yield of 98.1% when the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.75 wt%, [MorMeA][Br] of 1.00 wt% was added, the methanol-to-oil ratio was 9:1, the reaction time was 7 min, and the reaction temperature was 70℃. For waste cooking oil, because of the containing of impurities from frying, the yield was slightly lower and the reaction time was longer.

謝誌 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 V
圖次 VIII
表次 X
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目標 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 能源概況 3
2.2 生質柴油特性 5
2.3 生質柴油之原料 9
2.3.1 廢食用油 9
2.3.2 痲瘋樹油 10
2.4 生質柴油製造與方法 14
2.5 微波加熱 19
2.6 生產生質柴油之催化劑 20
2.6.1 酸性催化劑 20
2.6.2 鹼性催化劑 24
2.6.3 離子液體 27
2.7 離子液體與兩性離子液體之應用 28
2.7.1 離子液體之應用 28
2.7.2 兩性離子液體之應用 29
第三章 研究方法 31
3.1 研究架構及流程 31
3.2 生質柴油製作 33
3.2.1 實驗材料與藥品 33
3.2.2 實驗設備 33
3.3 酸價及皂化價測定 34
3.3.1 皂化價測定之步驟 34
3.3.2 酸價測定之步驟 35
3.4 離子液體製備 37
3.5 生質柴油製備與方法 39
3.5.1 微波加熱製備生質柴油 39
3.6 產率分析 42
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 以痲瘋樹油為原料油不同反應參數對生質柴油產率之影響 45
4.1.1 氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 45
4.1.2 添加同比例離子液體共催化其濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 46
4.1.3 固定離子液體濃度(1.00 wt%)下不同氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 47
4.1.4 固定氫氧化鈉濃度(0.75 wt%)下不同離子液體濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 48
4.1.5 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波時間對生質柴油產率之影響 49
4.1.6 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波溫度對生質柴油產率之影響 53
4.1.7 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下醇油比對生質柴油產率之影響 56
4.1.8 比較以痲瘋樹油為原料油不同反應參數對生質柴油產率之影響 59
4.2 以廢食用油為原料油不同反應參數對生質柴油產率之影響 61
4.2.1 氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 61
4.2.2 添加同比例離子液體共催化其濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 62
4.2.3 固定離子液體濃度(1.00 wt%)下不同氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 63
4.2.4 固定氫氧化鈉濃度(0.75 wt%)下不同離子液體濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 64
4.2.5 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波時間對生質柴油產率之影響 66
4.2.6 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波溫度對生質柴油產率之影響 69
4.2.7 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下醇油比對生質柴油產率之影響 72
4.2.8 比較以廢食用油為原料油不同反應參數對生質柴油產率之影響 76
4.3 以大豆油為原料油不同反應參數對生質柴油產率之影響 78
4.3.1 氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 78
4.3.2 以同比例(1:1)離子液體共催化其濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 79
4.3.3 固定離子液體濃度(1.00 wt%)下不同氫氧化鈉濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 80
4.3.4 固定氫氧化鈉濃度(0.75 wt%)下不同離子液體濃度對生質柴油產率之影響 81
4.3.5比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波時間對生質柴油產率之影響 82
4.3.6 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下微波溫度對生質柴油產率之影響 86
4.3.7 比較氫氧化鈉與添加離子液體共催化下醇油比對生質柴油產率之影響 89
4.3.8 比較以大豆油為原料油應用共催化方式對生質柴油產率之影響 92
4.4 不同油品比較對生質柴油產率之影響 94
4.4.1 反應時間對產率之影響 94
4.4.2 微波溫度與醇油比對產率之影響 95
第五章 結論與建議 98
5.1 結論 98
5.2 建議 99
參考文獻 100
附錄 A 附A-1

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