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博碩士論文 etd-0717100-192914 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0717100-192914
論文名稱
Title
以次氯酸去除染整廢水色度之反應動力學研究
Chlorination Decoloration of Textile Wastewaters and Dyestuffs-A Kinetic Study
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
81
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-06-07
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-07-17
關鍵字
Keywords
餘氯、染整廢水、脫色、反應動力學
Kinetic Study, Sodium hypochlorite, decoloration, textile wastewater
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5778 times, has been downloaded 5222 times.
中文摘要
染整程序使用大量染料,產生廢水之色度值遠高於法令要求,為符合排放標準(管制值為550 ADMI,3波長法),大部份染整廠將次氯酸鈉溶液直接加入快混池,而添加量多憑操作人員經驗及視當日廢水情況而定,如添加不足將造成放流水色度過高,添加過量則增加成本,另造成餘氯對排放水體生態環境毒害及產生氯化有機物問題。因此研發有效的廢水色度去除控制技術實為當務之急。
本研究要旨為發展一種生物及混凝處理後染整廢水之加氯脫色反應控制方法,以達降低藥品費用、縮短反應時間、及避免加氯不足或過量之目的。研究採台南縣劦志、泰豐公司生物沈澱池後之水樣,先經化學混凝,取其澄清液做為實驗水樣及染料NB-FBN及yellow-HE4R。試驗項目為pH(3-8)、餘氯濃度(5-60 mg Cl2/L)對色度去除之影響。反應採批式型,pH及餘氯濃度分別以監控器控制。
結果顯示,在定pH及餘氯濃度下,色度去除速率(-dC / dt )可用一階反應動力式描述(-dC / dt = kC ),k值隨pH之降低及餘氯濃度之增加而升高,且次氯酸之氧化能力主要是藉HOCl。
評估顯示欲將劦志水樣色度在小於一小時之反應時間下,由1200 ADMI降至 < 400 ADMI,其最經濟之反應條件為pH = 4.0,餘氯濃度 = 14 mg Cl2/L,總藥品費用(包含12 % NaOCl、H2SO4、及將反應後廢水pH值調至6.0所需之NaOH)為NT$ 3.04元/m3廢水,反應槽費用為NT$ 0.07 元/m3廢水,總計NT$ 3.11 元/m3廢水。以每月操作26天,廢水量1000 CMD計算,每月之花費僅8萬零9百元。

Abstract
Almost all dyestuffs used for textile processing impose heavy colors on effluents such that they can’t meet effluent regulations. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has long been used for effluent decoloration by most textile plants. However, despite by the operators’ experience, there is still no scientific method for controlling the dosing rate of sodium hypochlorite. An insufficient dosage may result in an aesthetically and legally unacceptable effluent. Whereas an excessive one may lead to the formation of chlorine-containing organic compounds which are harmful to the aquatic life and may limit the water utilization. It is necessary to develop a control technique for chlorination decoloration of textile wastewaters.
In this study, secondary effluent samples from a textile wastewater plant and synthetic wastewater samples prepared by two azo-type dyestuffs were used for chlorination decoloration tests in a batch reactor with a residual chlorine indicator.
Experimental results indicate that the most economic and effective reaction conditions for decoloration of the test wastewaters were pH = 4 and residual chlorine = 14 mg/L. In the conditions, wastewaters with true color intensity = 1,200 ADMI could be reduced to values less than 400 ADMI within 60 min. Results also confirm that on-line monitoring of residual chlorine concentration in the reacting liquid can be used to achieve a better control of chlorine addition.
Experimental data also indicate that the color removal rate (-dC/dt) was linearly proportional to the color intensity (C) and free hypochlorous acid (HOCl) concentration.


目次 Table of Contents
目錄
一、 前言
1.1研究動機 .……………………………………………………..… 1
1.2研究目的 ………………………………………………….…….. 2
1.3 研究方法 ……………..………………………………………… 3
1.4研究內容 ………………..………………………………………. 3
二、 文獻回顧
2.1染整程序及廢水處理方法 …………………..…………………. 6
2.1.1染整程序及廢水 …………….………………..……………. 6
2.1.2目前廢水流程 ……………….………………..……………. 6
2.2常用的染料及助劑 ……………………………….…….....……. 10
2.2.1 染料分類 ………………………………………………..…. 10
2.2.2 染色助劑 …………………………..………………………. 13
2.3.2 NaOCl法 ……………………………………..…………….. 17
2.3.3化學混凝 ………………………………………..………….. 18
2.3.4 Fenton法 …………………………………………..……….. 19
2.3.5 薄膜過濾法(RO) ……………………………………..……. 19
2.3.6 UV光及H2O2/UV光化學法 …………………………..….. 19
2.3.7 活性碳吸附法及蛭石膠凝吸附脫色法 ………………..…. 20
2.3.8 聚葡萄胺糖脫色法 ………………………………………... 21
2.3.9 臭氧(O3) …………………………….…….………….…. 21
三、材料與方法
3.1實驗材料 ……………………………………………………..…. 35
3.1.1 實驗設備 ……………………………….……………….…. 35
3.1.2水樣 ……………………………………………………….... 35
3.1.2.1劦志實業股份有限公司廢水 …………………………. 35
3.1.2.2泰豐實業股份有限公司廢水 ………………………..... 36
3.1.2.3染料NB-FBN ………………………………………….. 37
3.1.2.4染料Yellow H-E4R …………………………………..... 37
3.1.3藥品 …………………………………………………...……. 39
3.2試驗方法 ………………………………………………………... 40
3.3分析方法 ………………………………………………………... 41
3.3.1色度分析 ……………………………………………….…... 41
3.3.2氧化還原電位(ORP) ……………….………………..…... 41
3.3.3 pH ………………………………………………………….... 41
3.3.4餘氯 …………………………………………………...……. 42
3.3.5 COD ………………………………………………………… 42
四、結果與討論
4.1餘氯劑量對脫色速率的影響 …………………………………... 43
4.2 pH對脫色速率的影響 …………………………………………. 48
4.3 動力學分析 …………………………………………………….. 53
4.3.1 染料NB-FBN及劦志廢水之脫色動力學研究 ………..…. 53
4.3.2 染料Yellow H-E4R及泰豐廢水脫色反應動力學 ……….. 53
4.3.3 k與餘氯濃度及pH之關係 ………………………………... 58
4.4 反應器分析及經濟分析:以劦志廢水為例 ………………….. 64
4.4.1反應器分析 …………………………………….…………... 64
4.4.2經濟分析 ………………………………………….………... 66
4.4.2.1藥品費 ………………………………………….……… 66
4.4.2.2反應器費 ……………………………………….……… 67
4.4.2.3 總費用 ………………………………………….……... 68
五、結論與建議
5.1 結論 73
5.2 建議 74
圖目錄
圖1.1 傳統染整廢水處理流程 …………….……………………… 2
圖2.1 染整製程及水污染物 ……...…………………..…….……... 9
圖2.2 電化學操作單元圖 ………………….…..………………….. 16
圖2.3 不同pH值下HOCl與OCl-之比例 …………..……………. 31
圖2.4 不同pH值下,TRC之毒性 …………………..……………. 31
圖3.1 實驗配置圖 …………………………………………………. 36
圖3.2 劦志染整廠廢水流程及採樣點 ………………………….… 38
圖3.3 泰豐染整廠廢水處理流程及採樣點 ………………………. 38
圖3.4 染料Yellow-HE4R結構式 ………………………….……… 39
圖4.1a 染料NB-FBN在pH=3時,色度與反應時間的關係 ….. 45
圖4.1b 染料NB-FBN在pH=3.3時,色度與反應時間的關係 … 45
圖4.2a 染料yellow-HE4R在pH=3時,色度與反應時間的關係 .. 45
圖4.2b 染料yellow-HE4R在pH=3.3時,色度與反應時間
的關係 ……………………………………………………... 45
圖4.2c 染料yellow-HE4R在pH=4時,色度與反應時間的關係 .. 46
圖4.2d 染料yellow-HE4R在pH=5時,色度與反應時間的關係 .. 46
圖4.3a 劦志廢水試驗在pH=3時,色度與反應時間的關係 …… 46
圖4.3b 劦志廢水試驗在pH=4時,色度與反應時間的關係 …… 46
圖4.3c 劦志廢水試驗在pH=6時,色度與反應時間的關係 …… 47
圖4.4a 泰豐廢水試驗在pH=3時,色度與反應時間的關係 …… 47
圖4.4b 泰豐廢水試驗在pH=3.3時,色度與反應時間的關係 … 47
圖4.4c 泰豐廢水試驗在pH=4時,色度與反應時間的關係 …… 47
圖4.5a 染料NB-FBN在餘氯濃度=10 mg Cl2/L時,色度
與反應時間的關係 ………………………………………... 50
圖4.5b 染料NB-FBN在餘氯濃度=14 mg Cl2/L時,色度
與反應時間的關係 ……………………………..…………. 50
圖4.6a 染料yellow-HE4R在餘氯濃度=5 mg Cl2/L時,
色度與反應時間的關係 ………………………………..…. 50
圖4.6b 染料yellow-HE4R在餘氯濃度=10 mg Cl2/L時,
色度與反應時間的關係 ………………..…………………. 50
圖4.6c 染料yellow-HE4R在餘氯濃度=14 mg Cl2/L時,
色度與反應時間的關係 …………….…………………….. 51
圖4.7a 劦志廢水在餘氯濃度=5 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………….…………………………..……… 51
圖4.7b 劦志廢水在餘氯濃度=10 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………………..……………………….…… 51
圖4.7c 劦志廢水在餘氯濃度=14 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………………..……………………………. 51
圖4.8a 泰豐廢水在餘氯濃度=14 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………………..……………………….…… 52
圖4.8b 泰豐廢水在餘氯濃度=20 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………………..………………………….… 52
圖4.8c 泰豐廢水在餘氯濃度=60 mg Cl2/L時,色度與反應
時間的關係 …………………..……………………………. 52
圖4.9 濃度C對d C / dt作圖 ……………………………………… 55
圖4.10 染料NB-FBN各條件之反應速率常數k隨[H+]之關係 ….. 57
圖4.11 劦志廢水各條件之反應速率常數k隨[H+]之關係 ………. 57
圖4.12 染料yellow-HE4R各條件之反應速率常數k隨[H+]
之關係 ……………………………………………………... 57
圖4.13 泰豐廢水各條件之反應速率常數k隨[H+]之關係 ………. 57
圖4.14 染料 NB-FBN各條件之y值隨[H+]之關係 ……………… 62
圖4.15 染料 yellow-HE4R各條件之y值隨[H+]之關係 …………. 62
圖4.16 劦志廢水各條件之y值隨[H+]之關係 ……………………. 63
圖4.17 泰豐廢水各條件之y值隨[H+]之關係 ……………………. 63
圖4.18 pH與費用關係(批次反應,餘氯=5 mg/L) …………… 70
圖4.19 pH與費用關係(批次反應,餘氯=10 mg/L) …………. 70
圖4.20 pH與費用關係(批次反應,餘氯=14 mg/L) …………. 70
圖4.21 pH與費用關係(2CSTR,餘氯=5 mg/L) ……………… 70
圖4.22 pH與費用關係(2CSTR,餘氯=10 mg/L) ……………. 71
圖4.23 pH與費用關係(2CSTR,餘氯=14 mg/L) ……………. 71
圖4.24 pH與費用關係(3CSTR,餘氯=5 mg/L) ……………… 71
圖4.25 pH與費用關係(3CSTR,餘氯=10 mg/L) ……………. 71
圖4.26 pH與費用關係(3CSTR,餘氯=14 mg/L) ……………. 72










表目錄
表1.1 市售漂白劑可能之化學成分 ………..……………….…….. 4
表1.2 染色製程廢水特性 ……………………..…………….…….. 5
表2.1 各染整製程目的及廢水特性 ………………..……….…….. 8
表2.2 染色製程常用染色助劑種類表 …..………………….…….. 14
表2.3 O3在水中溶解度 ……………………...…………………… 23
表2.4 各脫色方法的優缺點比較 …………………..………..……. 25
表2.5 蚊魚對氯化物暴露一小時之半致死濃度 …..………..……. 30
表2.6 O3+Ca(OH)2程序處理 ………………..………………….…. 33
表4.1 染料NB-FBN及劦志廢水之脫色反應速率常數k及
迴歸相關係數R2值 ………………………………………… 55
表4.2 染料yellow-HE4R及泰豐廢水之脫色反應速率常數
k、Cu值及迴歸相關係數R2值 …………………………….. 56
表4.3 各試驗y值 ………………………………………………….. 61
表4.4 各供試廢水k1值 ……………………………………………. 60
表4.5在各一定pH、餘氯濃度下,欲將供試之劦志廢水
ADMI降至400以下所需各型反應器τ值 ……………….. 65
表4.6試驗之所需藥品費用 ………………………………………. 66
表4.7各試驗反應器採批次、2CSTR串聯、3CSTR串聯時,
所需反應槽體積(m3)及反應槽費用 ……………………… 67
表4.8各試驗總費用(藥品費用加反應槽費用) ………………. 69





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