本研究利用底棲性比目魚中之大鱗短額魚平(Engyprosopon grandisquama)為材料，進行形態分析以探討底棲環境因子對於生物形態的影響。分析方式包括：傳統性線性形質測定法和形態幾何分析法兩大類。後者因形狀地標疊合之方式不同又分為基線形態分析法及通用阻抗套適法兩種。在傳統線性距離形質與幾何(座標型)形態形質之間，我們並且加入了重心距離(centroid-size)作為比對之用。
利用傳統形態測定進行線性形質的分析結果顯示，不同採樣地點的魚群形態存在著差異性。左營、永安及高屏溪口等地區在淺水區(0~20m)之處的魚群彼此分離，而其他水深的魚群之地區性差異不顯著。水深較大時則比目魚之體形較大。
以重心距離為隨變數，不同河口及港口距離為變因來探討它們對大鱗短額魚平的形態表現。結果顯示港口比河口的影響較大。由迴歸係數的正負值顯示左營港則對重心距離的影響力為增加效果，次者則是高雄港、永安港、高屏溪口。其影響均較水深為大。而高雄港對重心距離有減少的效果，推測或是污染物濃度較高及淡水水源較少之可能效應。
幾何學形態分析之結果與傳統幾何形態分析結果差不多。這類方法比較不容易將不同地區的魚群分群。基線法的結果顯示，永安港的魚群的形態表現在X座標上，而其他地區則是Y座標方面。通用阻抗套適法分析結果顯示，永安港的魚群形態在第三、第五及第八地標點(軀幹部位)差異較大，高屏溪口則是在第二及第四地標點(頭部)差異較大。而水深因子並不能將永安港的魚樣本分群。
永安港的魚群在大部分分析結果中都與其他地區的魚群分離。傳統式線性形態的分析結果比幾何形態結果較為具體明確，不同地區的比目魚可以因為某些長度形質而分離開來。但幾何形態分析卻無法得到相同結果。

Abstract
This study uses different morphometric methods to study morphological variation in the population of Engyprosopon grandisquama near the southwestern coast of Taiwan. In addition to the traditional multivariates method , geomorphmetric methods, including the Baselined method and General resistant fit method were used and the results were compared.

Results from ocular-side and blind-side analysis are similar. Appearance among locations is different. Overall, each sample including all specimens from all stations can be classified into either two or three groups, depending on the employed method, as well as characters of blind and ocular sides being used. The groups are：Yung-an, Tso-ying, and Kao-ping-hsi. The latter area appeared to be shifting between the other two groups. Bigger fish, estaminated by centroid-size, morphometric methods, appeared to stay in deeper water(60~80m), and their morphometric performance is different from those in shallow water.
Analysis of variance from the General linear model showed significant regression relationships of centroid-size against distances of sampling site to different harbor estuary. The orders of their effectiveness of dosal-side are Tso-ying, Kaohsiung, Yung-an and Kao-ping-hsi respectively. Effectiveness based on blind-side characters are Tso-ying, Kaohsiung, Kao-ping-hsi and water depth.
Generally speaking, most samples can be separated into three area-groups, which are：(1)Yung-an, (2)Tso-ying and (3)Kao-ping-hsi. Effect of water depth are better expressed by the blind-side characters, whereas effect of the area-sites are better expressed by the ocular-side characters.

目 錄
章 次 頁 數
中文摘要……………………………………..……………… Ⅲ
英文摘要…………………………….……………….……. Ⅴ
謝 辭……………………………………………….…. Ⅶ
目 錄……………………………………………….…. Ⅷ
表 目 錄…………………………………………….……. Ⅸ
圖 目 錄…………………………………………….…….. XI
一、前言…………………………………………..………. 1
二、材料與方法…………………………………..………. 10
三、結果…………………………………………..………. 14
四、討論…………………………………………..………. 25
參考文獻…………………………………………...……… 29
表…………………………………………………...…….... 34
圖…………………………………………………..………. 51
個人履歷…………………………………………..………. 77


表目錄
表 次 頁 數
表一、大鱗短額魚平（E. grandisquama）的背側與腹側地標點代
號。…………………………………………………………… 34
表二、所取樣大鱗短額魚平(E. grandisquama)之基本統計資料。… 35
表三、大鱗短額魚平背側二十一項長度形質的主成分分析結果。….. 36
表四、大鱗短額魚平背側傳統型態變項趨向向量。………………….. 37
表五、大鱗短額魚平腹側傳統型態測定的主成分分析表。………….. 38
表六、大鱗短額魚平的腹側影像之型態距離做主成分分析，各變項
的主成分向量。……………………………………………….. 39
表七、利用通用線性模型對不同採樣地點、性別及水深的重心距
離從事變方分析結果。……………………………………….. 40
表八、環境因子對大鱗短額魚平背側型態之重心距離分析模式排
序表。………………………………………………………….. 41
表九、環境因子對大鱗短額魚平腹側型態之重心距離分析模式排
序表。………………………………………………………….. 42
表十、大鱗短額魚平背側(基線法疊合)型態測定的主成分分析表。…. 43
表十一、大鱗短額魚平背側(基線法疊合)型態測定變項趨向向量
表。………………………………………………………….. 44
表十二、大鱗短額魚平腹側(基線法疊合)型態測定的主成分分析
表。………………………………………………………….. 45
表十三、大鱗短額魚平腹側(基線法疊合)型態測定的變項主成分分
析結果。…………………………………………………….. 46

表 次 頁 數
表十四、大鱗短額魚平背側樣本使用通用阻抗套適法疊合後之殘差
，進行主成分分析之結果。……………………………….47
表十五、大鱗短額魚平背側(通用阻抗套適法疊合)各地標點之殘差
，進行主成分分析後各變項的主成分值。……………… 48
表十六、大鱗短額魚平腹側型態(通用阻抗套適法疊合)各地標點之
殘差，進行主成分分析後之結果。……………………… 49
表十七、大鱗短額魚平腹側(通用阻抗套適法疊合)各地標點殘差進
行主成分分析各變項的主成分值。……………………… 50















圖目錄
圖 次 頁 數
圖一、實驗儀器裝置圖。…………………………………………….. 51
圖二、大鱗短額魚平的背側(上圖)與腹側(下圖)影像所取的幾何型
態地標點位置。……………………………………………….. 52
圖三、大鱗短額魚平的背側(上圖)與腹側(下圖)影像所取的幾何型
態地標點之重心距離示意圖。………………………………. 53
圖四、民國八十七年十一月至八十九年五月間取樣點位置。…….. 54
圖五、大鱗短額魚平（E. grandisquama）背側形質距離型態測定
之各變項趨向圖。……………………………………………. 55
圖六、大鱗短額魚平不同水深樣本的背側型態測定分析圖。……….. 56
圖七、大鱗短額魚平永安港地區樣本的背側型態測定分析圖。…….. 57
圖八、大鱗短額魚平（E. grandisquama）腹側形質距離型態測定
之各變項趨向圖。…………………………………………….. 58
圖九、大鱗短額魚平不同水深樣本的腹面傳統型態分析圖。……….. 59
圖十、大鱗短額魚平永安港地區樣本的腹側型態測定分析圖。…….. 60
圖十一、大鱗短額魚平背面地標點(基線法疊合)主成分分析之各變
項趨向圖。…………………………………………………….. 61
圖十二、大鱗短額魚平所有樣本的地標點進行基線法形狀重疊後之
第一對第二主成分的分析圖。………………………………. 62
圖十三、大鱗短額魚平所有樣本的地標點進行基線法形狀重疊後之
第一對第三主成分的分析圖。……………………………. 63
圖十四、大鱗短額魚平水深0~20公尺樣本的背側(基線法疊合)型
態分析圖。…………………………………………………. 64
圖 次 頁 數
圖十五、大鱗短額魚平永安港地區樣本的背側(基線法疊合)型態
分析圖。……………………………………………………65
圖十六、大鱗短額魚平腹側地標點(基線法疊合)之主成分趨向圖。.66
圖十七、大鱗短額魚平0~20公尺水深樣本的腹側(基線法疊合)型
態分析圖。……………………………………………….. 67
圖十八、大鱗短額魚平永安港地區樣本的腹側(基線法疊合)型態分
析圖。…………………………………………………….. 68
圖十九、大鱗短額魚平背側地標點(通用阻抗適合度疊合)之殘差
主成分分析。…………………………………………….. 69
圖二十、大鱗短額魚平水深0~20公尺樣本的背側地標(通用阻抗
適合度疊合)之殘差主成分之樣本分布圖。……………. 70
圖二十一、大鱗短額魚平永安地區樣本的背側地標(通用阻抗適合度
疊合)之殘差主成分之樣本分布圖。…………………….71
圖二十二、大鱗短額魚平腹側地標點(通用阻抗適合度疊合)之殘差
主成分分析。………………………………………….. 72
圖二十三、大鱗短額魚平水深0~20公尺樣本的腹側地標(通用阻抗
適合度疊合)之殘差主成分之樣本分布圖。………….73
圖二十四、大鱗短額魚平永安地區樣本的腹側地標(通用阻抗適合
度疊合)之殘差主成分之樣本分布圖。…………….. . 74
圖二十五、背側不同分析方法結果之比較。…………………….. 75
圖二十六、腹側不同分析方法結果之比較。…………………….. 76

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