Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0717108-170408 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0717108-170408
論文名稱
Title
以紅樹林植物對遭受多環芳香烴(芘)污染土壤 進行植物修復之研究
Phytoremediation of PAHs(pyrene) Contaminated Soils through mangroves
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
115
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-07-16
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-07-17
關鍵字
Keywords
植物復育、紅樹林植物、菌根菌、多環芳香烴(芘)
endomycorrhizae, PAHs(pyrene), mangrove, phytoremediation
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5695 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5695 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
本研究嘗試以紅樹林植物復育技術處理受多環芳香烴(芘)污染土壤,並對台灣四種紅樹林植物水筆仔(Kandelia candel Druce)、紅海欖(Rhizophora stylosa Griff)、海茄苳(Avicennia marina Vierh)及欖李(Lumnitzera racemosa Willd)進行菌根菌感染測驗,其目的為篩選出兩菌種中何者對紅樹林植物感染率最佳。由實驗結果顯示四種紅樹林植物皆能感染菌根菌,而以Glomus aggregatum感染率及感染強度都大於Glomus mosseae,因此以感染Glomus aggregatum菌根菌進行後續實驗。耐芘污染能力之測驗,其目的為篩選出最耐芘污染的植物種,結果顯示欖李在含有芘污染土壤中,生長狀況最佳,且各組別有90%以上的降解率。而亦有文獻指出,種植水筆仔六個月後對土壤中芘濃度有98%降解率,此本研究以欖李及水筆仔為初步實驗之對象。經過90天的溫室實驗,比較栽種植物與未栽種植物的處理組,於人工配製的芘污染土壤試驗中,其結果顯示植物有助於芘污染土壤中的微生物生長及去氫酵素活性的增加,而菌根菌對於植物對抗土壤芘污染的逆境亦具有正面的幫助。當添加鹽度於土壤環境中時,發現將對紅樹林植物的生長形成逆境,使紅樹林植物較依賴菌根菌,對降解芘亦具有正面幫助。所有未遮光組別之降解率皆達85%以上,遮光組別平均降解率為70%。
Abstract
In this study,we used mangrove phytoremediation ecotechniques to treat polycyclic aromtic hydrocarbons (pyrene) contaminated soil. First, we compared the four species of mangroves in Taiwan, Kandelia candel Druce, Rhizophora stylosa Griff, Avicennia marina Vierh and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd, inoculated by endomycorrhizae in no contaminated soils. According to the experimental results, the four species of mangroves could be colonized by Glomus aggregatum and Glomus mosseae. In colonization rate and colonization intensity, Glomus aggregatum were found higher than those of Glomus mosseae.
For the degradation efficiencies of pyrene in soils, according to the experimental results, we found that the Lumnitzera racemosa Willd exhibited best growing conditions among the four species. The degradation rates for all tests systems pyrene were measured above 90% . In accordance with passed study, the species of Kandelia candel Druce presented effective efficiencics for pyrene degradation.
The speacis of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd and Kandelia candel Druce were planted in the artifical pyrene contaminated soils, which were incubated in a greenhouse , while the control systems without vegetation were used for comparison. After 90 days of incubation, the experimental result showed that the soils planted with Lumnitzera racemosa Willd and Kandelia candel Druce were found able to enhance the microbial and dehydrogenase activities. The addition of Glomus aggregatum could help plants to prevent from the stress of pyrene. The addition of salinity into the siols was a pressure for mangroves so the mangroves, incoculated by endomycorrhizae showed stronger dependence on mycorrhizal fungi than those in the siols of no salinity. In salty siol, mangroves exhibited high effective degradation rates for pyrene. In the siols for the illumination groups, the pyrene degradation rates for all test systems were measured about 85%. The siols for the dark groups showed that the average pyrene degradation rates were about 70%.
目次 Table of Contents
誌謝 I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物 3
2.1.1 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物的來源 3
2.1.2 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物的基本特性 3
2.1.3 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物(PAHs)的危害 5
2.1.4 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物(PAHs)之降解反應機構 10
2.2 多環芳香烴碳氫化合物污染土壤之土壤污染復育技術 13
2.2.1 物理/化學整治技術 14
2.2.2 生物復育技術(Bioremediation) 18
2.2.3 植物復育技術(phytoremediation) 19
2.2.3.1 植物復育機制 19
2.2.3.2 植物復育之優缺點 22
2.2.3.3 植物選擇 22
2.2.3.4 去氫酶活性 23
2.2.4 自然衰減(Natural Attenuation) 24
2.3 菌根菌(mycorrhizal fungi) 25
2.4 紅樹林植物(Mangrove) 26
2.4.1 水筆仔 28
2.4.2 紅海欖 28
2.4.3 海茄苳 29
2.4.4 欖李 29
第三章 材料與方法 31
3.1 試驗材料 31
3.1.1 植物採集 31
3.1.2 供試土壤來源 31
3.1.3 供試菌種來源 31
3.1.4實驗藥品 31
3.1.5實驗儀器與器材 32
3.2 試驗方式 34
3.2.1 實驗流程 34
3.2.2 土壤採樣與樣品保存 36
3.2.3 Pyrene污染土壤配製 36
3.2.4土壤含水率 37
3.2.5 土壤酸鹼值 37
3.2.6 土壤有機碳 37
3.2.7 土壤總氮 38
3.2.8 土壤氨氮 38
3.2.9 去氫酶活性 38
3.2.10總生菌 39
3.2.11 菌根菌接種與菌根形成率之測定 39
3.2.11.1菌根菌之接種 39
3.2.11.2 菌根菌形成率調查 39
3.2.11.3 菌根菌感染強度調查 40
3.2.12 土壤中Pyrene分析 40
3.2.13 植物生長高度及生物質量 41
3.2.14 植體Pyrene分析 41
3.3 QA/QC 42
第四章 結果與討論 43
4.1 土壤基本性質 43
4.2 菌根菌接種實驗 44
4.3 耐芘植物初步篩選 47
4.3.1 植物生長情形 47
4.3.2 土壤芘之濃度 57
4.4 植物生長受芘污染的影響 59
4.4.1 水筆仔 60
4.4.2 欖李 64
4.4.3 根冠比 68
4.5 土壤微生物含量 68
4.5.1 水筆仔 69
4.5.2 欖李 70
4.5.3 對照組 71
4.5.4 總生菌數與含水率關係 73
4.6 土壤去氫酶活性(DHA) 75
4.6.1 水筆仔 75
4.6.2 欖李 76
4.6.3 對照組 77
4.6.4 總生菌數與土壤去氫酶活性關係 77
4.7 土壤酸鹼值與電導度之變化 79
4.8 芘之降解 81
4.8.1 水筆仔 82
4.8.2 欖李 83
4.8.3 對照組 85
4.8.4 植體中芘濃度 86
第五章 結論與建議 88
5.1 結論 88
5.2 建議 91
參考文獻 93
附錄 100
參考文獻 References
王均琍、陳昇明,1997,影響繡球孢子屬叢枝內生菌根菌孢子萌芽之因素,Fung SCI。
王惠鈴,(2000)離子強度效應對多環芳香烴化合物與溶解性有機物結 合係數,碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系。
王瑞彥,2008,以植物復育技術處理受多環芳香烴芘污染土壤之研究,博士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系。
王露儀、陳紀伶、李明仁,2004,鹽度對水筆仔苗木生長之效應,中華林學季刊37(2),頁數147∼156
行政院環境保護署,1991,土壤中酸鹼值測定方法,NIEA S410.60T。
吳繼光、林素禎,1997,台灣內生菌目及繡球菌目之分類學研究,Fung.Sci. 12(1,2),頁數17∼30。
吳繼光、林素禎,囊叢枝內生菌根菌應用技術手冊,http://www.tari.gov.tw/菌根菌/index.htm。
李方胤、陳世賢,土壤分析實驗手冊(2007)新文京開發出版股分有限公司,96、193,頁。
李成業,2003,漫步水上森林,郊野公園之友會,頁數6∼16。
李貽華、徐慈鴻、李國欽、陳明義,2005,植物葉片中多環芳香族碳氫化合物(PAHs)檢測方法之建立,植物保護學會會刊 47頁數155∼155。
李貽華、徐慈鴻、李國欽、陳明義,2005,植物葉片中多環芳香族碳氫化合物(PAHs)檢測方法之建立,植物保護學會會刊47 頁數155-155。
沈國清、陸貽通、洪靜波,2005,重金屬和多環芳香烴複合污染對土壤酶活性的影響及定量表徵,應用與環境生物學報,第11卷第4期,頁數479-482。
沈競辰,2004,和紅樹林生物作朋友,人人出版股份有限公司,頁數8∼34。
林宏達,2005,以植物復育技術處理遭受溢油污染濕地土壤之研究,碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系。
林財富、吳龍泉、洪志雄、洪旭文、高志明、陳古汎、陳廷育、許榮欣、葉桂君、楊金鐘、廖毓鈴、鄭秀卿、謝汶興、顏宏愷,2003,工廠土壤及地下水汙染整治手冊-石化業,經濟部工業局。
金相燦主編,1998,淑馨出版社,頁數273∼283。
姚青、朱紅惠、王棟、李良秋,亞熱帶草地中植物優勢種與叢屬種對AM真菌的差異性生長反應,生態學報第26卷第7期,頁數2288∼2293。
美國環境保護署(U. S. EPA) , Laws & Regulations , Major Environmental Laws , http://www.epa.gov/epahome/laws.htm ,
美國環境保護署(U. S. EPA),超級基金網站(Superfund) ,http://www.epa.gov/superfund/,2006/12/15。
范航清,2000,紅樹林海岸環保衛士,廣西科學技術出版社,頁數39~40
范貴珠、張志遠,2005,安平港復育五梨跤生長及生理之研究,中華林學季刊38(4)頁數409∼424。
范貴珠、許博行、張峻德,2002,土壤鹽度對欖李苗木葉綠素螢光反應及呼吸作用的影響,台灣林業科學17(3),頁數323∼335。
韋保仁,高為,2006,多環芳香烴污染土壤的可行性處理技術,蘇州科技大學,江蘇蘇州。
高志明,2005,整治牆及自然衰減技術介紹,國立中山大學環境工程研究所。
國際癌症研究協會(International Agency for Research on Cancer ,IARC) ,http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol63/volume63.pdf ,2006/12/28。
張玉明,2003,菌根真菌與植生復育探討,大葉大學環境工程學系,大葉學報 第12卷 第1期,頁數103-114。
張利紅、李培軍、鞏宗強,2007,土壤條件對PAHs紫外光降解影響及動力學研究,遼寧工程技術大學學報,第26卷第1期,頁數132-135。
張建民,2007,環境毒物學,新文京開發出版股份有限公司,頁數345∼355。
梁書豪,2006,以Fenton-like氧化處理受燃料油污染之土壤,碩士論文,國立中山大學環境工程研究所。
莊明富、程永雄,2005,接種期對叢枝菌根菌繁殖與溫度對孢子發芽之影響,台灣農業研究。
莊明富、程永雄,2005,接種期對叢枝菌根菌繁殖與溫度對孢子發芽之影響,台灣農業研究,第54期,頁數184-194。
陳尊賢,2005,土壤污染與復育,行政院農委會農糧署www.tnfd.gov.tw。
溫源淼,2006,以植物修復技術處理遭受重金屬鎘污染土壤之研究,碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系。
趙昕、王博文、閻秀峰,2006,叢枝菌根對喜樹幼苗喜樹鹼含量之影響,生態學報,第26卷,第4期,頁數1057-1062。
劉世亮、駱永明、丁克強等,2004,苯並[a]芘污染土壤的叢枝菌根真菌強化植物修復作用研究,土壤學報,第41卷第3期,頁數336-342。
劉愛榮、吳曉鵬、徐同,2007,紅樹林內生菌根菌研究發展,應用生態學報,第18卷 第4期,頁數912-918。
蔡昀達,中興工程顧問股份有限公司,經濟部環保技術e報 056期 97.05.25, http://www.ftis.org.tw/eta/epaper/epaper/Eco-056.htm。
鄭秀珍,2006,以植物修復技術處理受五氯酚污染土壤之研究,碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系。
薛美莉,1995,消失中的森林濕地-記台灣的紅樹林,台灣省特有生物保育研究中心,頁數5∼27。
顏仁德發行人,1995,紅樹林生態系研討會論文集,台灣省特有生物保育研究中心,頁數27∼50、81∼93、139∼155。
魏樹和、周啟星,2006,有機污染環境植物復育技術,生態學雜誌,第25卷,第6期,頁數716-721。

Bartha, R., and Pramer, D., “Feature of a flask and method for measuring the persistent of and biological effect of pesticides in soil.” Soil Sci., 100, pp.86-170, 1965.
Benoit Guieysse *, Gunilla Viklund, Ann-Charlotte Toes, Bo Mattiasson (2004
Bevege,D.I.et al1975,Comparative carbonhydrate physiology of ecto- and endo- mycorrhizas.Endomycorrhizas Acad.Press,London,pp.149-174.
Bjørseth A., Becher G., 1986. PAH in Work Atmospheres: Occurrence and Determination. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, ISBN 0-8493-6064-1.
Bois G,Bertrand A,Piche Y,et al.2006,Growth ,compatible solute and salt accumulation of five mycorrhizal fungal species grown over a range of NaCl concentrations. Mycorrhiza 16,99-109.
Boldrin, B., Tiehm, A., and Fritzsche, C. 1993, Degradation of phenanthrene, fluorine, fluoranthene, and pyrene by a Mycobacterium sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59,1927.
Brundrett, M. and N. Bougher 1996, Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture, Australian Center for International Agriculture Research.
Caricchia, A.M., Chiavarini, S., Pezza, M., 1999. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmospheric particulate matter in the city of Naples (Italy). Atmospheric Environment 33, 3731–3738.
Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. , 1995. Central role of radical cations in metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Xenobiotica 25, 677–688.
Cerniglia, C.E. (1981). Aromatic hydrocarbon ( pesticides ): metabolism by bacteria, fungi and algae. Rev. Biochem. Toxicol. 3,321.
Cerniglia, C.E. (1984). Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 30,31.
Cerniglia, C.E. (1992) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation. 3, 351.
Cerniglia, C.E. (1993) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 4,331.
Combined UV-biological degradation of PAHs. elsevier ,Chemosphere 55,pp1493–1499.
Dean-Ross, D., and Cerniglia, C.E. (1996). Degradation of pyrene by Mycobacterium flavescens. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46,307.
Dean-Ross, D., and Cerniglia, C.E. (1996). Degradation of pyrene by Mycobacterium flavescens. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46,307.
Dowty, R.A., Shaffer, G.P., Hester, M.W., Childer, G.W.,Campo, F.M., and Greene, M.C. (2001). Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh march environmental: a mesocosm simulation. Mar. Environ. Res. 52,195.
Erik J. Joner 、 Corinne Leyval、 Jan V. Colpaert,2006,Ectomycorrhizas impede phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) both within and beyond the rhizosphere,elsevier Environmental Pollution 142 pp34-38.
Gaspar ML,Cabello MN,Cazau MC,et al.2002.Effect of phenanthene and Rhodotorula glutinis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization of maize roots . Mycorrhiza , 12(2) , pp55-59.
Heike Kaupp and Martin Sklorz,1995,A method for analyzing polycyclic hydrocarbonc(PAHs) in plant,pergamon Chemosphere, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 849-854
Heitkamp, M.A., Freeman, J7P., Miller, D.W., and Cerniglia, C.E. 1988,Pyrene degradation by a Mycobacterium sp.:Identification of ring oxidation and ring fission products. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2556.
Henner P., Schiavon M., Morel J. L. and Lichtfouse E. 1997,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) occurrence and remediation methods. Anal.Mag. 25, 56-59.
Ho, K.F., Lee, S.C., 2002. Identification of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonyl compounds in Hong Kong. The Science of the Total Environment 289, 145–158.
Ho, K.F., Lee, S.C., Chiu, G.M.Y., 2002. Characterization of selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at a roadside monitoring station. Atmospheric Environment 36, 57–65.
J. L. Schnoor, E. W. Aitchison, S. L. Kelley, P. J. J. Alvarez, S. Wakefield, J. G. Burken and C. L. Just 1997,Phytoremediation of 1,4-dioxane by hybrid poplars. Abstracts of Papers of the MAerican Chemical Society 213: 195-ENVR.
Kelley, I. and Cerniglia, C.E. 1991,The metabolism of fluoranthene by aspecies of Mycobacterium. J. Ind. Microbiol. 7,19.
Kelley, I., Freeman,J.P., vans, F.E., and Cerniglia, C.E. 1991, Identification of a carboxylic acid metabolite from the catabolism of fluoranthene by a Mycobacterium. Sp. Appl. Enviro. Microbiol.57,636.
Kulkarni, P., Venkataraman, C., 2000. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mumbai, India. Atmospheric Environment 34, 2785–2790.
L. Ke ,(2003)Removal of pyrene from contaminated sediments by mangrove microcosms. Chemosphere 51 (2003) 25–34.
Li, C.S., Ro, Y.S., 2000, Indoor characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Taipei. Atmospheric Environment 34, 611–620.
Liste, H.H., and Prutz, I. 2006,Plant performance, dioxygenase-expressing rhizosphere bacteria and bioremediation of weathered hydrocarbons in contaminated soil. Chemosphere. 62, 1411.
Masclet, P., Mouvier, G., Nikolaou, K., 1986, Relative Decay Index and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Atmospheric Environment 20, 439–446.
Mosse,B.1956,Frucfications of anendogone species causing endotrophic mycorrhiza in fruit plants.Ann.Bot.,20;pp.349-362.
Nora F.Y.Tam and Y.S. Wong,2000,Hong Kong mangroves.City university of Hong Kong press,pp40-67.
Olaniran, A.O., Pillay, D., and Pillay, B. 2006, Biostimulation and bioaugmentation enhances aerobic biodegradation of dichloroethenes. Chemosphere. 63, 600.
Omar, N.Y.M.J., Abas, M.R.B., Ketuly, K.A., Tahir, N.M., 2002, Concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric particles (PM-10) and roadside soil particles collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Atmospheric Environment 36, 247–254.
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D.R., 1982,Methods of soil analysis.” Part II, 2nd ed., ASA-SSSA, Wesconsin
Park, S.S., Kim, Y.J., Kang, C.H., 2002, Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Environment 36,2917–2924.
Parkinson, P., 1992, Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, the basic science of poisons, unit 2: Disposition of toxicants. 5th Ed., New York, Pergamon Press, 114–125.
Patel, J.R., and Gibson, D.T. 1974, Purification and properties of cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol. 119,879.
Schneider, j., Grosser, R., Jayasimhulu, K., Xue, W., and Warshawsky, D.1996, Degradation of pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene by Mycobacterium sp.strain RJGⅡ-135,isolated from a former coal gasification site. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62,13.
Tuominen, J., Salomss, S., Pyysalo, H., Skytta, E., Tikkanen, L., Nurmela,T., Sorsa, M., Pohjola, V., Sauri, M. and Himberg, K., 1988.Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Genotoxicity in Particulateand Vapor Phases of Ambient Air: Effect of Traffic Season, andMeteorological Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 22,1228–1234.
Vivas A., Barea, J.M. and Azcón, R., 2005,“Interactive effect of Brevibacillus brevis and Glomus mosseae, both isolated from Cd contaminated soil, on plant growth, physiological mycorrhizal fungal characteristics and soil enzymatic activities in Cd polluted soil”, Environmental Pollution, Vol. 134, Issue 2, pp.257-266.
Whitehouse, B.G. 1984. The effect of temperature and salinity on the aqueous solubility of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Mar Chem. 14,319.
Wybraniec, S., De Jong, A.P., 1996. Modified Sampling and Analysis Method for Large Volatility Range Airbone Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Journal of Analytical Chemistry 356, 396–402.
Xu, J., Song, Y., Min, B., Steinberg, L., and Logan, B.E. 2003. Microbial degradation of perchlorate: principles applications. Environ. Eng. Sci. 20, 405.
Yang, H.H., Lee, W.J., Chen, S.J., Lai, S.O., 1998. PAH emission from various industrial stacks. Journal of Hazardous Materials 60, 159–174.
Yanzheng Gao, Lizhong Zhu,2004,Plant uptake, accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils,elsevier Chemosphere 55 pp 1169–1178.
Zakia, D.P. 2003,The effectiveness of phytoremediation as a secondary treatment for aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil. Purdue University
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外均不公開 not available
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 18.190.156.80
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 18.190.156.80
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code