近年來台灣河川受到連續颱風豪雨侵襲，加上乾溼季明顯，常導致河床沖淤變化劇烈，並影響到台灣河川向週邊海域輸出沉積物的量及其各種物理和地球化學的性質。本研究利用水利署網站提供河川水文站的流量和含砂量資料做出率定曲線來檢示多年期河川流量、含砂量及輸砂量的變化，並找出高含砂流發生的時空特性。此外，利用河川局提供之斷面資料，把資料整理歸納作出河川的均夷線，來判斷河道內泥砂是淤積或是沖刷，探討河川在自然與人為因素作用下之水流和泥砂間的互制影響，可以表徵河川泥砂的運移特性。
　　首先，利用水利署的水文年報(1967-2009)公布的水文測站資料中，淡水河、蘭陽溪、濁水溪、卑南溪、高屏溪的長時間紀錄的流量和含砂量進行率定。並以要達到高含砂流(High turbidity)發生門檻每升40克的含砂量為檢示依據，結果發現濁水溪，在內茅埔(1973-2009)測站有6次達到門檻，寶石橋(2004-2009)測站有19次達到，玉峰橋(1995-2009)測站有19次達到門檻，在濁水溪中游的延平橋(2004-2009)，因為屬河川輸送區河段並非不發生沖刷或淤積，只是沖刷率與淤積率維持平衡而已，所以沒達到門檻，在下游的溪州大橋(2000-2009)有11次達到門檻。 其次從河川均夷線來看，在濁水溪2006及2010年的玉峰橋測站則有明顯淤積，高屏溪2000年的阿其巴橋測站有明顯的淤積，2001年的六龜測站有明顯的沖刷，2007及2008年的阿其巴橋測站則有明顯的沖刷，在淡水河2000年的上龜山橋測站及2001年的寶橋測站有明顯的沖刷，在2004及2007年的三峽(2)測站有明顯的沖刷。
　　此外，在高屏溪的里嶺大橋測站及濁水溪的玉峰橋測站，都有達到發生高含砂流門檻，可以發現高含砂流事件，伴隨著颱風的經過，而濁水溪大部分的高含砂量測站也是有伴隨著颱風才發生，2005年內茅埔 Nei-Mao Pu測站外，調查2005 年台中氣象站 逐日雨量資料的結果，發現累積雨量大於200公厘，所以是偶發性山區大毫雨，而造成濁水溪除了颱風因素外有高含砂流事件發生。
　　綜合上面結果顯示大部份的沉積物都堆積在上游處，形成暫時的沉積物源區，所以當暴雨來時，下游河川的泥砂含量有時常會混合上游暫時儲存區的沉積物，因為上游坡度大，且受地形雨影響，所以雨量較大時沉積物容易被沖刷，形成物源區，下游坡度緩所以沉積物容易堆積形成河川內部的匯，這也是所以上游和下游也就為什麼含砂量比較容易達到發生的門檻，當極端氣候事件發生時，上下游的臨時的匯則為往外海輸砂的源區。

　　Sediment loads of Taiwan rivers have increased in recent years because of frequently recurring typhoons. In addition to the dry and wet seasons causing sever erosion and deposition of the riverbed, the long-term records from 1967 to 2009 of suspended sediment concentration and daily discharge observed by the Water Resource Agency in Taiwan Rivers were used in this study.
　　To understand the sediment deposition or erosion in the rivers, we need to find how the discharge and sediment load interact with each other under the natural and human influences. The hydrological data we used in this study were from Water Resources Agency’s annual reports, including the Danshui River, the Lanyang River, the Zhuoshui River, the Beinan River, and the Gaoping River.
　　High turbidity happen when sediment concentration exceeds 40 g/L. Judging by this threshold, taking upstream stations of the Zhuoshui River for example, the Nei-Mao-Pu Station (1973-2009) reached this threshold 6 times, Bao-Shih Bridge Station (2004-2009) 19 times, and Yun-Feng Bridge Station (1995-2009) 19 times. But Yen-Ping Bridge Station (2004-2009), which is at the middle part of Zhuoshui River, has never reached the threshold, became the erosion rate and sedimentation rate are balanced here. Chi-Chou Bridge Station (2000-2009) at the downstream reached the threshold for 11 times too.
　　According to the river graded profile, in the Danshui River, obvious erosion occurred at the Liu-Kwei Bridge Station in 2000, the Po Bridge Station in 2001, and San-Hsia (2) Station in 2004 and 2007. In the Zhuoshui River, significant deposition took place at the Yun-Feng Bridge Station in 2006 and 2010. In the Gaoping River, deposition occurred at the A-Chyi-Ba Bridge Station in 2000, while erosion occurred at Liu-Kwei Station in 2001 and at the A-Chyi-Ba Bridge Station in 2007 and 2008.
　　Above results show that the major sediments are deposited upstream, forming a temporary sediment storage source region, such as at Li-Lin Bridge Station, Liu-Kwei Station, and Yun-Feng Bridge Station at the Gaoping River, all of which have reached the threshold when a typhoon comes. Investigating daily rainfall data from Taichung Weather Station in 2005, we find that besides typhoon influences, when the rainfall is exceeding 200 mm High turbidity events would occur in the Jhoushuei River.
　　According to our study, we find that most sediment deposits at the upper reaches, forming temporary sediment storages, so when a typhoon comes, we can see the sediment downstream is often mixed with the sediment coming from upstream storages. That is because the slope in the upper reaches is steeper, and heavy rain makes the temporary deposit easy to erode. On the contrary, the slope in the lower reaches is more gentle so it is easier for sediment to deposit, which is the reason why the stations at downstream often reach the threshold. When the extreme weather occurs, the temporary sediment storages along the entire river course become the source regions to release the sediment out to the sea.

目錄
致謝--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------II
ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------------IV
目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
表目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------XIV
附錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------XV
第一章、序論-------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1前言-----------------------------------------------------------------1
1-2研究動機與目的--------------------------------------------------7
1-3高含砂流概述-----------------------------------------------------9
1-4河川泥砂含量變化因素----------------------------------------11
1-5河川泥砂輸運的特性-------------------------------------------11
第二章、研究區域-----------------------------------------------------------15
2-1研究區概述------------------------------------------------------15
2-1-1淡水河----------------------------------------------------------15
2-1-2蘭陽溪----------------------------------------------------------15
2-1-3濁水溪----------------------------------------------------------15
2-1-4高屏溪----------------------------------------------------------16
2-1-5卑南溪----------------------------------------------------------16
第三章、材料及方法--------------------------------------------------------19
3-1資料收集與處理-------------------------------------------------19
3-2河川率定曲線----------------------------------------------------19
3-3河川的均夷線----------------------------------------------------21
3-4 颱風資料---------------------------------------------------------21
3-5 每日流量---------------------------------------------------------21
第四章、結果------------------------------------------------------------------23
4-1高含砂流發生統計- ---------------------------------------------23
4-2淡水河-------------------------------------------------------------25
a流量b懸砂量c輸砂量
4-3蘭陽溪------------------------------------------------------------34
a流量b懸砂量c輸砂量
4-4濁水溪------------------------------------------------------------39
a流量b懸砂量c輸砂量
4-5高屏溪------------------------------------------------------------50
a流量b懸砂量c輸砂量
4-6卑南溪------------------------------------------------------------59
a流量b懸砂量c輸砂量
4-7 河川均夷變化----------------------------------------------65
4-7-1淡水河--------------------------65
4-7-2蘭陽溪----------------------------70
4-7-3濁水溪----------------------------75
4-7-4高屏溪----------------------------80
4-7-5卑南溪----------------------------82
第五章、討論-----------------------------------------------------------------88
5-1率定曲線的變化及影響因素--------------------------------89
5-2高含砂流發生的空間分佈-----------------------------------89
5-3高含砂流的發生和流域內源與匯的關聯-----------------90
5-4高含砂流的區域性討論--------------------------------------91
5-5颱風豪雨的影響-----------------------------------------------92
第六章、結論-----------------------------------------------------------------93
第七章、參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------94
附錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------99

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網頁部分：
行政院經濟部中央地調所，台灣的活動斷層，研究成果-活動斷層圖
http://fault.moeacgs.gov.tw/TaiwanFaults/Default.aspx
行政院經濟部水利署，水文年報歷年電子書
http://gweb.wra.gov.tw/wrhygis/
行政院經濟部水利署，地理資訊倉儲中心http://gic.wra.gov.tw/gic/Water/Space/Main.aspx
交通部中央氣象局，TDB (Typhoon Database)防災颱風資料庫網頁系統http://rdc28.cwb.gov.tw/data.php