隨著下世代網路(Next generation networking, NGN)所發展出通用多重通訊協定標籤交換技術(Generalized Multi- Protocol Label Switching, GMPLS)中所需之自動交換光網路系統(Automatically Switched Optical Network, ASON)，可重組態光信號塞取多工器(Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer, ROADM)對ASON系統來說是一個不可缺少的設備，且高密度分波多工系統(Dense wavelength-division multiplex, DWDM)的信號在網路傳輸的管理下，其可協助網路管理員動態的管理客戶需求及所要的服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)，並增加現有光纖線路的容量、減少或免除架設額外光纖線路的需要。本論文研究ROADM以循環式陣列波導光柵(Array waveguide grating, AWG)和布雷格光纖光柵(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)為基礎架構，克服可重組態光信號塞取多工器無法處理當輸入之光波長訊號多於陣列波導光柵之波長通道數的問題。各種類型的ROADM已被提出並且被實現出來，其中以加入光循環器以及光纖光柵之方式最被大家所接受，因其擁有低串擾和不隨偏振擾動的特性。
然而在以往展現的架構中，一個波長對應一組光循環器以及光纖光柵，倘若現今有10個波長需要被使用，則需要額外對應的十組光循環器以及光纖光柵；對於此一狀況不僅僅增加了元件的數量，也更增大了系統的插入損耗。因此在此論文中，我們著重在於使用最少的元件來獲得最佳的效果，結果也證實我們仍然可以在波長多工的情況下成功減少光循環器數量而不使我們串擾過量增加。
在此同時我們思考這架構是否是有最好效果，因而嘗試改成不對稱架構再去與之做比較。而最後結果顯示出非對稱效果更好，但是卻不能做光路交叉對接(Optical cross connection, OXC). 是故最後使用上，我們必須在最好效果以及有交換性對稱效果上做一個使用上的取捨。

In response to the development of a next-generation networking (NGN), generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology is required for automatically switched optical network (ASON). Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is an indispensable device for the ASON, and the dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) signals can be transmitted through the network under the management of the network administrator to configure dynamic customer needs and the desired quality of service (QoS). The ROADM can also increase the efficiency of utilizing the existing capacity of the optical fiber lines and can reduce or waive to set up additional optical fiber lines. This thesis studies a ROADM based on the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to overcome the issue that the current ROADM cannot process input signal channels that is greater than the wavelength channels of the AWG. All kinds of ROADM have been proposed and realized through different optical devices. Among these, hybrid optical circulator and FBG based ROADM is more attractive because of its low crosstalk and polarization insensitivity.


However, in the previous study, the structure needs an optical circulator and a fiber Bragg grating per wavelength. If there are 10 wavelengths to be used, you need 10 groups of the optical circulator and the fiber Bragg grating corresponding to each wavelength. This situation not only increases the number of components, but also increases the insertion loss of the system. In this master thesis, we focus on to reduce number of circulators and gratings while obtaining the best results.

At the same time we think about whether this structure is the best, and thus try to change the asymmetrical architecture to compare. The final results show that the asymmetrical structure is better, but it does not realize optical cross-connect (OXC). Therefore for the choice, we must choose the best results or the exchangeability of the symmetrical structure.

致謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
Contents V

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 　Background of Next-Generation Optical Internet. . . . . . . . .. . 1
1.2　 The GMPLS Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 4
1.3　 Motivation of this Thesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 6
1.4　 Structure of this Thesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Overview of OADM system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 　Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 　Technologies of OADM system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 　Function of the proposed ROADM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3 Experimental Study of OADM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Experimental Setup - Symmetrical structure. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2.1　Static set up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.2　Dynamic set up. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.3 Experimental Results and Discussions - Symmetrical structure. . . . 32
3.3.1 Homowavelength crosstalk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.2 Static Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.3 Dynamic performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4　 Experimental Setup – Asymmetrical structure. . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4.1　Static set up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4.2　Dynamic set up. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.5　 Experimental Results and Discussions – Asymmetrical structure. . . 42
3.5.1　Static Performance. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.5.2　Dynamic performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.6 　Summary. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

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