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博碩士論文 etd-0718102-174724 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0718102-174724
論文名稱
Title
網路學習標準的分析與比較
Analysis and Comparison of eLearning Standards
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
172
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2002-07-12
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2002-07-18
關鍵字
Keywords
LOM、網路學習標準、SCORM、LTSA、QTI、ULF、LIP
LOM, elearning standards, QTI, SCORM, LIP, LTSA, ULF
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5880 次,被下載 3356
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5880 times, has been downloaded 3356 times.
中文摘要
隨著網際網路與資訊科技的發展,學習的方式有了相當大的變革,我們已經進入網路學習的新世紀。目前網路上累積的學習資源日趨豐富,但是也相對的突顯出學習資源管理與整合不易的問題。教材與測驗搜尋不易、再利用性不高、以及無法在不同學習平台間交換等等的問題,這些都是當下必需解決的問題。為了解決這些問題,許多組織提出各種的標準,雖然這些標準仍處於發展的階段,但是無庸置疑的,標準對於網路學習的發展將扮演一個關鍵的角色。現階段對於此方面的認識與研究較缺乏,因此本研究將探討目前網路學習標準解決的問題與達成的方式,並且比較網路學習標準間的差異。本研究採用貝瑞德比較研究法(Bereday's Comparative Method),描述(Description)階段詳細而客觀的說明各網路學習標準;解釋(Interpretation)階段依照模組化、維護性、持續性等觀點,解釋網路學習標準所蘊含的意義;並列(Juxtaposition)階段依照教材(Content)、測驗(Quiz)、學習者(Learner)與平台(Platform)等向度,訂出各向度比較的項目,並將各標準的要點歸入其中;最後在比較(Comparison)階段則依照並列階段列出的項目,逐一比較各網路學習標準。


Abstract
Along with the development of Internet and information technology, there has been a huge revolution on the style of learning, since we’ve entered a new century of elearning. At the present time, the learning resources accumulating in the Internet has been richer gradually. However, it also shows the problem about the difficulties of the management and integration of learning resources. Plenty of problems should be resolved, such as the difficulty on seeking resources and tests, low reusability, incapability of the transformation on different learning platforms, etc. On purpose to resolve these problems, various kinds of standards have been presented by many organizations. Although these standards are still under development, however, undoubtedly, they will play a very important role on the progress of the elearning. Because of the shortage of understandings and researches of this respect, we will have some discussions about the present problems resolved by the standards of elearning and the methods used upon them. Bereday’s Comparative Method is adapted in this research. Four specific phases described as follows: Description Phase: Thoroughly and objectively describing each elearning standard. Interpretation Phase: Interpreting the meaning contained in the elearning standard according to the perspective of modularity, management, and continuity. Juxtaposition Phase: Defining the items on the comparison of each dimension based on content, quiz, leaner, and platform, and then concluding the key points of each standard in each item. Comparison Phase: Comparing each elearning standard item by item that is listed in the Juxtaposition Phase.


目次 Table of Contents
第1章 緒論 1
1.1. 研究背景與動機 1
1.2. 研究目的 2
1.3. 研究方法與步驟 2
1.4. 研究範圍 4
1.5. 論文架構 4
第2章 文獻探討 6
2.1. 網路學習的定義 6
2.2. 網路學習標準的組織 8
2.2.1. IMS Global Learning Consortium 8
2.2.2. IEEE 學習科技標準委員會 8
2.2.3. ADL 10
2.2.4. 網路學習標準的發展歷程 10
2.3. 標準的檢視觀點 12
2.4. 教學流程與教學設計 14
第3章 網路學習標準的描述 18
3.1. LEARNING OBJECT META-DATA 18
3.2. LEARNING RESOURCE META-DATA 21
3.3. LEARNING TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 23
3.3.1. 學習者與環境的互動 24
3.3.2. 學習者相關的設計議題 25
3.3.3. 系統元件 25
3.3.4. 實作觀點與順序 28
3.3.5. 作業元件與跨平台性 28
3.4. LEARNER INFORMATION PACKAGE 30
3.5. QUESTION AND TEST INTEROPERABILITY 34
3.5.1. 回應型態 35
3.5.2. ASI Model 39
3.5.3. Result Reporting 43
3.6. CONTENT PACKAGING 46
3.7. SHARABLE CONTENT OBJECT REFERENCE MODEL 52
3.7.1. 內容聚合模型 52
3.7.2. 執行環境 70
3.8. UNIVERSAL LEARNING FORMAT 87
3.8.1. 型錄格式 88
3.8.2. 學習內容格式 92
3.8.3. 能力格式 96
3.8.4. 認證格式 97
3.8.5. 個人檔案格式 99
第4章 網路學習標準的解釋 109
4.1. LEARNING OBJECT META-DATA 109
4.2. LEARNING RESOURCE META-DATA 111
4.3. ARCHITECTURE AND REFERENCE MODEL 112
4.4. LEARNER INFORMATION PACKAGE 112
4.5. QUESTION AND TEST INTEROPERABILITY 114
4.6. CONTENT PACKAGING 116
4.7. SHARABLE CONTENT OBJECT REFERENCE MODEL 117
4.8. UNIVERSAL LEARNIG FORMAT 120
第5章 網路學習標準的並列 122
5.1. 網路學習標準的向度 122
5.1.1. 教材 123
5.1.2. 測驗 126
5.1.3. 平台 129
5.1.4. 學習者 130
第6章 網路學習標準的比較 133
6.1. 教材向度 133
6.1.1. 元件 133
6.1.2. 教材目錄 133
6.1.3. Meta-data 134
6.1.4. 教材參數 135
6.1.5. 循序 136
6.1.6. 輸出 136
6.2. 測驗向度 137
6.2.1. 元件 137
6.2.2. 題型 137
6.2.3. Meta-data 139
6.2.4. 提示與回饋 140
6.2.5. 選題方式與試題順序 140
6.2.6. 報表 141
6.2.7. 輸出 142
6.3. 學習者向度 143
第7章 結論與建議 145
7.1. 研究結論 145
7.2. 研究建議 149
7.3. 未來研究方向 149
參考文獻 150
附錄 LOM 153
附錄 QTI 157
附錄 SCORM 163
附錄 ULF 169
參考文獻 References
中文文獻
1. 馬克.羅森柏格(2001)。E-Learning 提升個人競爭力、強化企業優勢的終極學習策略(樂為良 譯)。美商麥格羅.希爾國際出版公司(原著出版年代:2001)。
2. 陳韻竹(2001)。企業發展電子學習之研究。國立中山大學企管所碩士學位論文,未出版。
3. 黃經智(1998)。企業網路化訓練架構之探討。國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士學位論文,未出版。
4. 鄒景平(2000)。全球電子學習市場蓄勢待發。管理雜誌,第312期。
5. 鄒景平(2000)。電子學習管理系統的挑戰。管理雜誌,第313期。
6. 廖肇弘,范瓊文(2001)。E-Learning產業標準 - SCORM。資訊傳真周刊第626期。
7. 廖肇弘,范瓊文(2001)。E-Learning產業標準—IMS。資訊傳真周刊第627期。
8. 教學設計(無日期)。民91年2月3日,取自:http://www.iest.edu.tw/study/social/newclass/4-1.htm。
9. 臺灣經建會人力規劃處(2001)。電子學習(E-learning)現況及未來展望。民91年1月4日,取自:http://www.cepd.gov.tw/service/news/@index.htm。
10. 蔡振昆(2001)。傳統教學與網路教學之比較研究-從教學媒體、班級經營及教學評量來探討。國立中山大學資管所碩士學位論文,未出版。
11. 蔡碧璉(無日期)。教學原理:教學的流程(模式)。民91年1月4日,取自:http://163.29.187.2/class4/content_03.htm。

英文文獻
1. ADL (2001). Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) version1.2.
2. ADL (2002). Sharable Content Object Reference Model version1.2 Conformance Requirements.
3. Barron, T. (2000). Learning Object Pioneers. American Society for Training & Development (ASTD). Retrieved October 11, 2001, From the World Wide Web: http://www.learningcircuits.org/mar2000/barron.html
4. Bos, B. (2000). What is a good standard. Retrieved April 30, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://www.w3c.org/People/Bos/DesignGuide/designguide.html
5. Dodds, P.V.W. (2002). Current State of the SCORM. Retrieved October 11, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.adlnet.org/library/documents/plugfest/plugfest5/Plugfest5_state.ppt
6. Eills, R.K. (2001). LCMS Roundup. American Society for Training & Development (ASTD). Retrieved October 11, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.learningcircuits.org/2001/aug2001/ttools.htmlIMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Content Packaging Information Model version 1.1.2.
7. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Content Packaging Best Practice Guide version 1.1.2.
8. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Learner Information Package Information Model version 1.0.
9. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Question & Test Interoperability: ASI Information Model version1.2.
10. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Question & Test Interoperability: ASI Best Practice & Implementation Guide version1.2.
11. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Question & Test Interoperability: Result Reporting Information Model version1.2.
12. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Question & Test Interoperability: Result Reporting XML Binding version1.2.
13. IMS Global Learning Consortium (2001). Question & Test Interoperability: Result Reporting Best Practice & Implementation Guide version1.2.
14. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) (2001). Learning Object Metadata Draft6.1.
15. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) (2001). Learning Technology Systems Architecture(LTSA) Draft9.
16. Longmire, W. (2000). A Primer on Learning Objects. American Society for Training & Development (ASTD). Retrieved October 11, 2001, From the World Wide Web: http://www.learningcircuits.org/mar2000/primer.html
17. Robert, M. (2002). e-Learning Standards. The eLearning Curve Newsletter. Retrieved May 29, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://www.icaxon.com/elearning/elfebruary2002.html
18. Ruttenbur, B.W., Lurie,S., & Spickler,G. C. (2000). ELEARNING The Engine of the Knowledge Economy. Morgan Keegan & Co., Inc.
19. Saba Software Inc(2000). Universal Learning Format (ULF) Technical Specification Version 1.0.
20. Singh, H. (2000). Achieving Interoperability in elearning. American Society for Training & Development (ASTD). Retrieved October 11, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.learningcircuits.org/mar2000/singh.html
21. Su, G.H., Tseng, S.S., Tsai, C.J., & Cheng, J.R. (2000). Implementation of An Object-Oriented Learning Environment Based on XML. ICCE2000.
22. Su, G.H., Tseng, S.S., Tsai, C.J. & Zheng, J.R. (1999). Building an Object-Oriented and Individualized Learning Environment on the WWW. ICCE99
23. Urdan, T.A., & Weggen, C.C. (2000). CORPORATE E-LEARNING: EXPLORING A NEW FRONTIER. WR Hambrecht + Co.
24. Vassileva, J. (1997). Dynamic Course Generation on the WWW, AI-ED’97, IOS: 498-505.
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