近年，「虛擬電廠」在自由化電力市場中的商業模式已成為各國廣泛討論的議題，這是因為虛擬電廠可以調配需量反應與儲能電池設備，因而維護電力系統的安全； 另一個原因是：虛擬電廠可以控制儲能電池設備整合再生能源，解決再生能源不穩定的問題。本論文中提出虛擬電廠在自由化電力市場中的獲利模型，分析虛擬電廠獲利的關鍵因素。冀望透過本論文的分析，讓欲投資虛擬電廠的營運商更能夠了解虛擬電廠的商業模式。

In recent years, the concept of the virtual power plant is receiving a great deal of attention in the literature because of owing the following two potentials. One is that the virtual power plant can protect the power system by controlling the demand response customers and the energy storage systems to confine the power demand to the power system restriction. The other is that the virtual power plant can integrate the renewable power with the power system. By controlling the energy storage systems, the virtual power plant can solve the harmful impact of the renewable power. Although the virtual power plant benefits the power system, the investigators are wondering about the profit of running the virtual power plant. For this reason, we aim to study a way on earning the profit by controlling the demand response customers and the energy storage systems. With the proposed method, the business owners can understand how to run the virtual power plant.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 viii
表次 x
1 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 相關文獻回顧 1
1.3 論文組織介紹 2
2 環境與技術概要3
2.1 自由化電力市場 3
2.1.1 自由化電力市場的結構 3
2.1.2 自由化電力市場的運作方式 4
2.1.3 自由化電力市場的交易日程 5
2.2 虛擬電廠 7
2.2.1 太陽能發電 9
2.2.2 風力發電 14
2.2.3 儲能電池設備 16
2.2.4 需量反應 19
2.3 虛擬電廠在自由化電力市場中的角色 21
2.3.1 虛擬電廠在自由化電力市場中的營運策略 22
2.4 電力系統模型 23
2.4.1 母線導納矩陣 (Bus Admittance Matrix) 24
2.5 最佳電力潮流 (Optimal Power Flow) 26
3 系統模型分析 31
4 模擬環境設定 35
4.1 測試系統 35
4.2 電力市場的逐時電價 37
4.3 虛擬電廠售電給用戶的電價 38
4.4 儲能電池設備 39
4.5 量販店 (需量反應用戶) 40
4.6 太陽能發電 42
4.7 風力發電 43
5 模擬結果與分析44
5.1 模擬情境1–變壓器供電上限 1300kW 45
5.1.1 虛擬電廠僅調配儲能電池設備 45
5.1.2 虛擬電廠調配量販店的空調設備與儲能電池設備 46
5.2 模擬情境2–變壓器供電上限 1250kW 49
5.3 模擬情境3–變壓器供電上限 1200kW 50
6 結論與未來研究方向 51
參考文獻 52
附錄 56

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