在無線通訊與電子技術快速發展下，使無線感測器逐漸普及，並且同時具有感測、通訊以及資料處理等功能。如果能夠在監控物理或環境因素的改變(如溫度、濕度、壓力、污染)之下，還能夠同時做到定位的工作，將使無線感測網路系統變得更完善，例如在醫院監控的方面，如果不在病房的病人，突然偵測到需要被救助，此時定位的功能就顯的十分重要；或甚至是在無人自動化的工廠裡面，若有定位的功能，便可深入研究導航系統，讓自動化達到更高的層次。
本論文將討論一個新的定位方法，有別於三角定位龐大的計算量，一個更簡潔、更快速的定位方法，透過適當的分配參考節點的位置，有效的控制參考節點的選取以及縮短演算法的運行時間。本論文使用訊號強度偵測(RSSI)換算成距離已進行定位的計算，並使用德州儀器所研發的CC2431 ZigBee定位晶片實現這個無線感測網路。
本論文提出的定位方法，可以擴展至許多應用之上，例如定位參考點的換手機制(Handover)、其他通訊協定的感測網路定位(Wi-Fi、Bluetooth)、甚至到室內導航的基礎，提供一個簡單、有效率的定位應用。

Owing to rapid deployment of wireless communications and electronic technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) is getting more attention. WSN can be used for sensing (temperature, humidity, pressure, and chemical parameters), monitoring, and surveillance, etc.. It can even be applied as a tool for object localization in time-varying environments. As an example, in a hospital, an electronically tagged patient, who may be in need of help, can be instantly located. Moreover, in an unmanned factory, the whereabout of a robot can be obtained in real-time; thus, it can be guided to perform required tasks.
In this paper, a new method of localization along with node teaching and placement is proposed. Different from the traditional triangulation localization, the proposed method employs a faster computation technique with special proximity learning and placement, which leads to reduced computational time. In localization computation, the received signal strength indication (RSSI) values from ZigBee CC2431 modules (by Texas Instruments) were processed.
The simple and efficiency localization technique can be extended to many applications; for example, the handover mechanism for reference node, localization using WSN protocols like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and basic indoor navigation.

論文審定書..........................................................i
中文摘要...........................................................ii
英文摘要.........................................................iii
圖 次.............................................................vi
表 次...........................................................viii
第一章 序論.........................................................1
1.1 研究背景...................................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的.............................................1
1.3 論文架構...................................................2
第二章 無線感測網路.................................................3
2.1 無線感測網路...............................................3
2.2 ZigBee.....................................................4
2.3 IEEE 802.15.4..............................................5
2.4 ZigBee 實體層..............................................7
2.5 ZigBee 的多媒體控制層......................................9
2.6 ZigBee 的網路層...........................................12
2.7 ZigBee 的應用層...........................................13
2.8 ZigBee 的安全層...........................................14
2.9 ZigBee 設備...............................................15
2.10 ZigBee 的路由.............................................17
2.11 ZigBee網路位址分配演算法.................................20
第三章 用以實現ZigBee的晶片CC2431................................22
3.1 CC2431的定位引擎.........................................22
3.2 定位引擎執行..............................................24
3.3 接收信號強度指示..........................................27
3.4 信號傳播理論計算..........................................29
3.5 接收信號強度指示的實際考慮................................33
第四章 無線定位....................................................35
4.1 無線定位..................................................35
4.2 定位算法..................................................35
4.3 三角定位..................................................39
4.4 三角定位的問題............................................41
4.5 使用兩點選擇可能的定位點..................................42
4.6 兩圓計算定位演算法....................................... 43
4.7 系統流程..................................................51
4.8 實驗結果..................................................52
第五章 結論........................................................54
5.1 結論......................................................54
5.2 問題與未來展望............................................55
參考文獻...........................................................57

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