人機互動關係是近年研究的趨勢，越來越多人機互動情感上相關的研究，人與APP的親密度則為本研究的探討主題，由於近來行動商務的崛起，只要一機在手，便能輕鬆完成所有事物，透過使用各種不同類型的APP操作，來達成各項任務，如遊戲類APP就像你的好友一般，跟它的互動相處是自在愉快的，而生產工具型APP則像夥伴一樣，協助並加速你完成工作性質的事項。我們幾乎手機24小時不離身，許多人就連吃飯都不正經，吃飯配手機而不是配佳餚，晚上睡覺也得把手機放在身旁才能安心入眠。
現代人已不再僅把這些智慧型裝置當作是工具，而把它們看作是自己的親朋好友、夥伴一樣，無時無刻都必須與它們互動，又到底是哪些APP設計面的特性造成如此轉變，是否為本研究列出的設計美學、娛樂性、移動性、互動性及IS成功模式的系統品質、資訊品質及服務品質這些軟體特性，讓使用者對於這些智慧型裝置、APP軟體產生了親密感，一分一秒都無法離開它們，並願意與他們作持續的互動，維持著彼此間長久的親密關係。
最後，本研究經過線上問卷發放，蒐集的資料分析結果後，發現僅有移動性對於使用者的親密度沒有顯著的影響，其它六個特性皆對於使用者的親密度有顯著影響，另外，使用者對於APP的親密度越高，代表著越離不開該APP。因此，親密度可作為衡量用戶是否持續使用意圖的重要依據。

Mobile devices, particularly smartphones, have become important partners of our daily life. Most people use smartphones to do personal business. Different APPs are available for different tasks. For example, game APPs, just like your friends, provide you with pleasure and relaxation, and productivity apps, just like your partner, help you to work and solve problems more efficiently.
The role of these smart devices is no longer tools. But our friends and partners. Users build a good relationship with their mobile devices and APP software. In this paper, we intend to investigate what factors are affecting the relationship between mobile apps and human users and whether this relationship may generate intimate feelings of the user. The factors investigated in this research include design aesthetics, enjoyment, mobility, interactivity, system quality, information quality and service quality.
An empirical research was conducted to evaluate our research model, Results indicates that except the mobility construct, all others factors were found to have significant effects on user’s intimacy perception toward mobile APPs. The user’s intimacy perception of APPs is significantly associated with the continued intention to use.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究流程 7
第二章 文獻探討 8
第一節 情緒(emotion)與經驗(experience) 8
第二節 媒體等同（Media Equation） 11
第三節 設計美學（Design Aesthetics） 13
第四節 娛樂性（Enjoyment） 14
第五節 移動性（Mobility） 16
第六節 互動性 (Interactivity) 17
第七節 資訊系統成功模式(IS Success Model) 18
第八節 親密性（Intimacy） 19
第九節 持續使用意圖（Continuance Intention） 25
第三章 研究方法 26
第一節 研究架構 26
第二節 研究假說 27
APP設計面 27
系統成功模式 29
親密度與使用意願 30
第三節 操作型定義 31
第四節 研究衡量問項 32
設計美學 32
娛樂性 32
移動性 33
互動性 33
系統品質 33
資訊品質 34
服務品質 34
親密度 34
持續使用意圖 35
第五節 問卷設計 36
第六節 前測結果 36
第四章 資料分析與研究結果 38
第一節 樣本基本資料敘述 38
第二節 衡量模型 39
第一項 信效度分析 39
第二項 共線性分析 44
第三項 共同方法變異 44
第四項 MGA分群分析 46
第三節 結構模型及假說驗證 48
第五章 結論及建議 51
第一節 研究結果及討論 51
第二節 理論及實務上的貢獻 52
第三節 研究限制及未來研究方向 54
參考文獻 55
中文文獻 55
英文文獻 55
附錄一 前測問卷 59
附錄二 網路正式問卷 62

中文文獻
王怡人. (2011). 個人化廣告的產品推薦效果-以親密理論為基礎.
李奕宣. (2013). 手機遊戲 App 持續使用意圖之研究. 臺灣大學資訊管理學研究所學位論文, 1-60.
林家五, 何惠鈺, & 張書豪. (2010). 以社會認定與沉浸觀點探討部落格使用者之態度與行為. 電子商務學報, 12(1), 155-182.
張雯琪. (2016). 以親密理論探討購物網站個人化服務對顧客忠誠度之影響.
陶蓓麗, & 程瑞南. (2006). 網路購物顧客價值對顧客關係品質的影響之實証研究. 中山管理評論, 14(2), 517-549.
蘇文彬. (2015). 資策會調查:國內行動裝置用戶已超過1600萬.
英文文獻
Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you're having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS quarterly, 665-694.
Akçura, M. T., & Srinivasan, K. (2005). Research note: customer intimacy and cross-selling strategy. Management Science, 51(6), 1007-1012.
Anderson, E., & Weitz, B. (1992). The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels. Journal of marketing research, 18-34.
Au, Y. A., & Kauffman, R. J. (2008). The economics of mobile payments: Understanding stakeholder issues for an emerging financial technology application. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(2), 141-164.
Bügel, M. S., Verhoef, P. C., & Buunk, A. P. (2011). Customer intimacy and commitment to relationships with firms in five different sectors: Preliminary evidence. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(4), 247-258.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation-confirmation model. MIS quarterly, 351-370.
Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2005). Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 12(2), 293-327.
Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. The Journal of Marketing, 16-29.
Brave, S., & Nass, C. (2003). Emotion in human–computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 53.
Chatterjee, S., Chakraborty, S., Sarker, S., Sarker, S., & Lau, F. Y. (2009). Examining the success factors for mobile work in healthcare: a deductive study. Decision support systems, 46(3), 620-633.
Chelune, G. J., Robison, J. T., & Kommor, M. J. (1984). A cognitive interactional model of intimate relationships. Communication, intimacy, and close relationships, 11-40.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Chung, J., & Tan, F. B. (2004). Antecedents of perceived playfulness: an exploratory study on user acceptance of general information-searching websites. Information & Management, 41(7), 869-881.
Clinebell, H. J., & Clinebell, C. H. (1970). The intimate marriage: Harpercollins College Div.
Cyr, D., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2006). Design aesthetics leading to m-loyalty in mobile commerce. Information & management, 43(8), 950-963.
Delone, W. H., & Mclean, E. R. (2004). Measuring e-commerce success: Applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9(1), 31-47.
Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). Trust in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61, 35-51.
Etgar, M. (2008). A descriptive model of the consumer co-production process. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 36(1), 97-108.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50.
Gomez, R. E., Popovic, V., & Blackler, A. L. (2010). Emotional experience with portable health devices. Paper presented at the Proceedings of The 7th International Conference on Design and Emotion.
Hatfield, E. (1984). The dangers of intimacy. Communication, intimacy, and close relationships, 207-220.
Henseler, J. (2012). PLS-MGA: A non-parametric approach to partial least squares-based multi-group analysis Challenges at the interface of data analysis, computer science, and optimization (pp. 495-501): Springer.
Horvath, K., & Lombard, M. (2010). Social and Spatial Presence: An Application to Optimize Human-Computer Interaction. PsychNology Journal, 8(1).
Hudlicka, E. (2003). To feel or not to feel: The role of affect in human–computer interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(1), 1-32.
Karakaya, F., & Ganim Barnes, N. (2010). Impact of online reviews of customer care experience on brand or company selection. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(5), 447-457.
Kim, C., Oh, E., Shin, N., & Chae, M. (2009). An empirical investigation of factors affecting ubiquitous computing use and U-business value. International Journal of Information Management, 29(6), 436-448.
Kim, H.-W., Chan, H. C., & Gupta, S. (2007). Value-based adoption of mobile internet: an empirical investigation. Decision support systems, 43(1), 111-126.
Lee, K. C., & Chung, N. (2009). Understanding factors affecting trust in and satisfaction with mobile banking in Korea: A modified DeLone and McLean’s model perspective. Interacting with computers, 21(5-6), 385-392.
Lee, Y., & Kwon, O. (2011). Intimacy, familiarity and continuance intention: An extended expectation–confirmation model in web-based services. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(3), 342-357.
Lewis, R. A. (1978). Emotional intimacy among men. Journal of Social Issues, 34(1), 108-121.
Liang, T.-P., Li, Y.-W., & Turban, E. (2009). Personalized services as empathic responses: The role of intimacy. PACIS 2009 Proceedings, 73.
McAdams, D. P. (1989). Intimacy: The need to be close: Doubleday & Co.
Moon, J.-W., & Kim, Y.-G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & management, 38(4), 217-230.
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 20-38.
Moss, B. F., & Schwebel, A. I. (1993). Defining intimacy in romantic relationships. Family relations, 31-37.
Norman, D. A. (2004). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things: Basic Civitas Books.
Park, E., Baek, S., Ohm, J., & Chang, H. J. (2014). Determinants of player acceptance of mobile social network games: An application of extended technology acceptance model. Telematics and Informatics, 31(1), 3-15.
Perlman, D., & Fehr, B. (1987). The development of intimate relationships: Sage Publications, Inc.
Ramayah, T., & Ignatius, J. (2005). Impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment on intention to shop online. ICFAI Journal of Systems Management (IJSM), 3(3), 36-51.
Rau, P.-L. P., Gao, Q., & Ding, Y. (2008). Relationship between the level of intimacy and lurking in online social network services. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6), 2757-2770.
Ravaja, N., Salminen, M., Holopainen, J., Saari, T., Laarni, J., & Järvinen, A. (2004). Emotional response patterns and sense of presence during video games: Potential criterion variables for game design. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction.
Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places: CSLI Publications and Cambridge university press.
Rubenstein, C., & Shaver, P. (1982). In search of intimacy. New York: Delacorte, 91.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Henseler, J., & Hair, J. F. (2014). On the emancipation of PLS-SEM: A commentary on Rigdon (2012). Long range planning, 47(3), 154-160.
Schoknecht, P. (2012). Factors of Mobile Application Success. Retrieved Feb, 10, 2012.
Schurr, P. H., & Ozanne, J. L. (1985). Influences on exchange processes: Buyers' preconceptions of a seller's trustworthiness and bargaining toughness. Journal of consumer research, 11(4), 939-953.
Srivastava, S. C., & Teo, T. S. (2009). Citizen trust development for e-government adoption and usage: Insights from young adults in Singapore. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 25(1), 31.
Stern, B. B. (1997). Advertising intimacy: relationship marketing and the services consumer. Journal of advertising, 26(4), 7-19.
Thompson, E. (2017). Spotlight on Consumer App Usage Part 1. Retrieved from http://files.appannie.com.s3.amazonaws.com/reports/1705_Report_Consumer_App_Usage_EN.pdf
Turkle, S. (2011). Life on the Screen: Simon and Schuster.
Van der Heijden, H. (2004). User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly, 695-704.
Veryzer Jr, R. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1998). The influence of unity and prototypicality on aesthetic responses to new product designs. Journal of consumer research, 24(4), 374-394.
Wu, G., & Wu, G. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring the perceived interactivity of websites. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 28(1), 87-104.
Yu, C.-F. (2007). The Recommendation Effect of Personalized eDM.
Zahedi, F. M., & Song, J. (2008). Dynamics of trust revision: using health infomediaries. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 225-248.
Zhou, T. (2011). Examining the critical success factors of mobile website adoption. Online Information Review, 35(4), 636-652.