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博碩士論文 etd-0719104-145618 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0719104-145618
論文名稱
Title
南海北部之鐳-226及鉛-210/鐳-226活度比
Ra-226 and Pb-210/Ra-226 Activity Ratio in the Northern South China Sea
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
66
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-06-18
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-07-19
關鍵字
Keywords
鐳-226、鉛-210/鐳-226 活度比、南海、滯留時間
Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio, Ra-226, SCS, residence time
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
本研究主要目的為探討南海北部鐳-226在表水及剖面的分佈及其意義,並藉由鉛-210與鐳-226子母核種活度不平衡,推算鉛-210在水體的滯留時間。分別利用海研一號575航次(2000年3月)、606航次(2001年4月)、662航次(2002年10月)與688航次(2003年7月),進行採樣。
本研究區之表水鐳-226活度約為10~16 dpm/100kg,最高值靠近中國大陸沿岸地區,且其分佈有季節性變化:在夏季,低鐳-226的西菲律賓海表水進入南海,但以朝北流為主;在秋季則流向南海中心。季節性的改變,可能是受到季風和西菲律賓海水入侵強度的影響。本區鐳-226之剖面分佈與大洋相似,大致上從表水隨深度而增加,但大約在水深1500公尺以上,其活度高於西北太平洋,可能是由廣大之大陸棚和大陸坡的沉積物所供應。在此深度以下,雖然有小部份剖面值偏高,但是平均剖面的活度值與西北太平洋剖面值相似。據此推論,南海深層水鐳-226的來源,應與大洋相似,即由海底沉積物向上擴散而來。
本區之表水鉛-210/鐳-226活度比約為1.4~2.7,高值發生在呂宋海峽,因其鐳-226的活度較低。在表水,鉛-210相對於鐳-226呈超量,因有大氣的輸入,此超量鉛-210可向下穿透至200~500公尺。在此深度以下,鉛-210則呈不足現象,因為鉛-210在水體中會被沉降顆粒所清除。在1000公尺以下鉛-210/鐳-226活度比在0.5~0.7之間。假定混合層的厚度為50公尺,大氣鉛-210的輸入量為1.05 dpm/cm2/y,則利用盒子模式可計算得鉛-210在混合層的平均滯留時間約為1年。在深水層,其活度比約為0.5~0.7,據此計算得鉛-210在深水的滯留時間約30~70年,與太平洋深水相近,顯示南海深層水與大洋深層水之鉛-210受顆粒清除的速率相近。
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to understand the surface water distributions and vertical profiles of Ra-226 in the northern South China Sea (SCS), and to estimate the mean residence time of Pb-210 based on the extent of radioactive disequilibrium relative to Ra-226. Seawater samples of 20-liter size were collected during four Ocean Researcher I (ORI) cruises conducted in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 (Cruise 575 in March, Cruise 606 in April, Cruise 662 in October, and Cruise 688 in July) for Ra-226 measurements.
Surface water Ra-226 in the study area varies between 10 and 16 dpm/100 kg with higher values at stations closer to the landmass of coastal China. The surface water Ra-226 distribution shows seasonal variation: the western Philippine Sea (WPS) surface water with low Ra-226 content enters the SCS and moves mainly northwestward in summer; this water shifts toward the center in autumn. Ra-226 profiles in the northern SCS generally show an increase from the surface toward the bottom, quite similar to that of the open ocean. However, Ra-226 is systematically higher in the northern SCS than in the western North Pacific above 1500m. This may be attributed to higher Ra-226 input from the vast area of the shelf and slope in the SCS. Below this depth, Ra-226 displays large variation in some of the profiles but the mean values are quite comparable to those of the western North Pacific at the corresponding depth. The deep water in the SCS basin probably derives its Ra from the underlying sediments similar to the case in open oceans.
The Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio in the study area ranges between 1.4 and 2.7 in the surface water with higher values at the stations closer to the Luzon Strait due to lower Ra-226 over there. The excess Pb-210 over Ra-226 in the surface water due to atmospheric input may penetrate to a depth of about 200 to 500m. Below this depth, Pb-210 becomes deficient because it is scavenged and removed by settling particulates. Below 1000m, the Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio varies around 0.7 to 0.5. Box model calculations within a mixed layer of 50m in the area yield a mean residence time of about 1 yr for Pb-210 if an atmospheric Pb-210 flux of 1.05 dpm/cm2/y is adopted. The activity ratio of about 0.5 to 0.7 in the deep water corresponds to a Pb-210 mean residence time of about 30 to 70 yrs with respect to particulate scavenging. These values are quite comparable to those determined from the Pacific deep water, suggesting that Pb-210 in the SCS deep water is scavenged and removed by sinking particulates at a rate similar to that in the deep open oceans.
目次 Table of Contents
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………... I
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………… III
目錄 …………………………………………………………………. V
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………...… VII
表目錄 ………………………………………………………….… VIII

一、 緒論 ………………………..………………………………….. 1
1.1前言 ……………………………………………………..……... 1
1.2鐳-226之來源及應用 ..…………………………………..……. 1
1.2.1鐳-226之來源 ……………………………….…………….. 1
1.2.2鐳-226及其子核種之應用 ………………………………... 2
1.3研究區域概況 …………………………………………………. 3

二、 實驗方法 ……………………………………………………… 7
2.1採樣 ……………………………………………………………. 7
2.2前處理及鐳-226測量 ……………………………………….… 7
2.3閃爍腔的偵測效率 …………………………..………………. 10
2.4鐳-226活度計算 ……………………………………………... 11
2.5誤差值之計算 ………………………………………………... 12

三、 結果與討論 …………………………………………………... 14
3.1各航次水文特徵 …………………………………………...… 14
3.1.1 2000年3月與2001年4月水文描述 …………………..... 14
3.1.2 2002年10月水文描述 ………………….………….…… 16
3.1.3 2003年7月水文描述 …………………….…..…………. 23
3.2鐳-226表水分佈 …………………………………….……….. 26
3.3鐳-226剖面分佈 ……………...……………………………… 37
3.4鉛-210與鐳-226活性不平衡現象及鉛-210滯留時間 …….. 45
3.4.1鉛-210與鐳-226活性不平衡現象 ………………………. 45
3.4.2鉛-210滯留時間 ………………………...……………….. 47

四、 結論 ………………………………………………..………….. 50

參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 51

附錄1 鐳-226剖面分佈 ..…………………………………………. 57
附錄2 各航次C、D與F站在深層水之全量鉛-210滯留時間 …. 64


圖目錄
頁碼
圖1-1 南海地理位置及海底地形圖 ……………………………….. 4
圖2-1 研究區域各測站位置圖 ………………………………..…… 8
圖3-1 研究區域水文測站位置圖 ………………………………… 15
圖3-2 ORI-575各深水測站之溫鹽圖 ……………...……………… 17
圖3-3 ORI-606各深水測站之溫鹽圖 …………….………………. 18
圖3-4 ORI-575航次各深水測站之CTD位溫與鹽度剖面圖 …..… 19
圖3-5 ORI-606航次各深水測站之CTD位溫與鹽度剖面圖 …..… 20
圖3-6 ORI-662各深水測站之溫鹽圖 …………….………………. 21
圖3-7 ORI-662航次各深水測站之CTD位溫與鹽度剖面圖 …..… 22
圖3-8 ORI-688各深水測站之溫鹽圖 …………….………………. 24
圖3-9 ORI-688航次各深水測站之CTD位溫與鹽度剖面圖 …… 25
圖3-10 ORI-662航次(2002年10月)表水鐳-226活度分佈圖 ….. 28
圖3-11 ORI-688航次(2003年7月)表水鐳-226活度分佈圖 …... 29
圖3-12 ORI-662航次(2002年10月)和ORI-688航次(2003年7月)測站H CTD溫度與鹽度剖面圖 ………….….…………. 30
圖3-13 分別在(a)夏季與(b)秋季時,測得水深50公尺之溫度與速度圖 ……………………………………………………..….. 36
圖3-14 ORI-606、ORI-662與ORI-688航次測站C之鐳-226剖面圖 38
圖3-15 ORI-575、ORI-662與ORI-688航次測站D之鐳-226剖面圖 39
圖3-16 ORI-575、ORI-662與ORI-688航次測站F之鐳-226剖面圖 41
圖3-17 ORI-662與ORI-688航次測站J之鐳-226剖面圖 ……… 42
圖3-18 2002年10月與2003年7月各測站鐳-226剖面分佈圖 .…. 44
圖3-19 測站C、D與F鉛-210/鐳-226活度比垂直分佈圖 ……….. 46

表目錄
頁碼
表2-1 鐳-226採樣航次、日期、測站、經緯度與底深 …………… 9
表3-1 表水鐳-226活度 ……………………………...……………. 27
表3-2 表水鐳-228活度 ………………………………..………….. 34
表3-3 ORI-662和ORI-688兩航次表水擴散係數 ……………….. 34
表3-4 ORI-662和ORI-688鐳-226實測值與估計值之比較 ……… 35
表3-5 各測站全量鉛-210在混合層的平均滯留時間 ………...…. 48
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