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博碩士論文 etd-0719106-205840 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0719106-205840
論文名稱
Title
訊號抵達時間與訊號強度混合式定位演算法於室內超寬頻系統之研究
Hybrid TOA/RSSI Wireless Location Algorithm for Indoor UWB Channels
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
135
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-06-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-07-19
關鍵字
Keywords
超寬頻系統、非直接視線、室內定位
indoor position, UWB, NLOS
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5665 times, has been downloaded 18 times.
中文摘要
隨著無線網路技術和其服務需求的快速成長及發展,精確的室內無線行動定位技術亦受到廣泛重視。大部分用於室內定位的無線通訊系統皆會受到嚴重的訊號非直接視線(NLOS)傳播誤差影響而導致定位準確度嚴重降低。因此本篇論文提出一種混合型TOA/RSSI定位演算法,架構於超寬頻(Ultra-Wideband)系統中,利用超寬頻訊號具有良好的多重路徑時間解析特性,在訊號抵達時間(TOA)量測的基礎上,利用基地台和測量值之間的幾何關係、通道的路徑損耗模型和接收訊號強度(RSSI)資訊來進行定位估測。
該演算法利用基地台和TOA量測距離之幾何關係而提出一種新的目標函數形式,假設事前估測之通道路徑損耗模型能充分描述該通道環境,利用平滑處理過後的RSSI資訊與事前估測而得的通道路徑損耗模型來鑑別訊號之直接視線或非直接視線傳播,並提出一種權重因子算法,利用該權重因子修正目標函數並降低定位誤差所造成的干擾。經由電腦模擬結果顯示,該演算法在基地台遭受不同程度的非直視誤差干擾情況底下,其定位效能較其他演算法有顯著的提升。
Abstract
With the rapid development of wireless networking technology and the great growth of the service demand, accurate location estimation of a mobile station (MS) in an indoor wireless system has gained considerable attention. Since most wireless communication systems used for indoor position location may suffer from dense NLOS propagation error, which leads to a severe degradation of position accuracy. In this thesis, we propose a hybrid TOA/RSSI wireless positioning technique for indoor UWB systems to gain favorable position accuracy, by using the fine resolution of UWB signals, geometrical feature of cell layout, the path loss model and the received signal strength, based on the time of arrival (TOA) range measurements.
The algorithm induces the objective function from the geometrical relationships of the base stations (BSs) and TOA range circles, and utilizes the received signal strength and pre-estimated path loss model, which should be well approximating the propagation conditions, to discriminate between LOS or NLOS range measurements and define the weight factors used to describe how credible TOA range measurements are and take effect on the objective function during the location calculating process. Simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of the hybrid TOA/RSSI method is much higher than that of other positioning methods under different distributed NLOS errors.
目次 Table of Contents
誌謝.............................................................................................................i
摘要............................................................................................................ii
Abstract.....................................................................................................iii
目錄...........................................................................................................iv
圖目錄.....................................................................................................vii
表目錄......................................................................................................xi
第一章 緒論..............................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景..................................................................................2
1.2 研究動機..................................................................................4
1.3 論文架構..................................................................................5
第二章 無線定位法則與無線通道特性..................................................6
2.1 無線定位原理..........................................................................6
2.1.1 訊號抵達時間定位法....................................................8
2.1.2 接收訊號強度定位法..................................................11
2.1.3 混合式定位法..............................................................14
2.2 影響定位準確性因素來源....................................................14
2.2.1 多重路徑傳播效應......................................................15
2.2.2 非直接視線(NLOS)傳播效應....................................15
2.3 非直接視線傳播訊號散射模型............................................16
2.4 超寬頻系統概述....................................................................20
2.5 超寬頻通道模型....................................................................20
2.5.1 路徑損耗......................................................................21
2.5.2 遮蔽效應......................................................................22
2.5.3 通道參數列表..............................................................23
2.5.4 通道模型......................................................................24
第三章 時間應用定位演算法................................................................27
3.1 無約束條件非線性最小平方法(Unconstrained NL-LS).....28
3.1.1 最陡下降法則(Steepest Descent Method)..................29
3.1.2 擬牛頓法則(Quasi-Newton Method)..........................40
3.1.3 模擬與討論..................................................................48
3.2 具約束條件距離尺度因子演算法(Constrained RSA).........55
3.2.1 非線性等式約束條件限制..........................................57
3.2.2 非線性目標函數..........................................................60
第四章 混合型 TOA/RSSI 定位演算法..............................................63
4.1 改良型無約束條件權重因子演算法....................................63
4.1.1 改良型目標函數............................................................63
4.1.2 模擬與討論..................................................................65
4.2 通道參數估測........................................................................69
4.2.1 使用最小均方誤差法(MMSE)估測通道參數...........69
4.2.2 鑑別直接視線與非直接視線傳播之決策分界推導..71
4.2.3 決策分界之數學模型..................................................74
4.3 混合型 TOA/RSSI 定位演算法..........................................76
4.3.1 TOA參數模型.............................................................77
4.3.2 RSSI參數模型.............................................................77
4.3.3 定位演算法系統架構..................................................79
4.3.4 鑑別直接視線與非直接視線傳播..............................81
4.3.5 權重因子算法..............................................................82
第五章 定位演算法之電腦模擬與分析................................................85
5.1 非直接視線情形下之定位模擬............................................85
5.1.1 模擬兩個基地台所量測TOA無NLOS誤差情況.....86
5.1.2 模擬一個基地台所量測TOA無NLOS誤差情況...93
5.1.3 模擬三個基地台所量測TOA皆有NLOS誤差情況.98
5.1.4 不同基地台與行動台擺設位置下之定位模擬........103
5.2 直接視線情形下之定位模擬..............................................108
5.3 模擬結果探討與總結..........................................................109
第六章 結論與建議..............................................................................112
附錄........................................................................................................114
參考文獻................................................................................................121
參考文獻 References
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