許多在海洋或港灣結構物受波浪作用之研究已因科技的進步及數值演算法的精進，可以使用高效率的數值計算軟體獲得更準確的結果。目前內波的生成、傳遞與碎波等物理機制是國內外海洋領域上重要研究課題之一，本研究利用FLOW-3D計算流體力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD)軟體，模擬上層為淡水、下層為鹽水的密度分層流體，使用重力混合塌陷方式製造內波，探討其通過長斜坡、短平台梯形斜坡及等腰三角形等常見的障礙物之波形演變與流場分佈。
本文同時介紹軟體操作設定及FLOW-3D應用於內波實驗，並參照前人實驗條件及結果，模擬實驗內波傳遞之過程；以模擬成果驗証實驗數據，模擬先分析重力塌陷法造波之閘門開啟速率對內波傳遞時間及振幅的影響；模擬結果發現，閘門開啟速率快，內波振幅大、傳遞速度快；反之，閘門開啟速率慢，則內波振幅小、傳遞速度慢；但兩者並非線性等比關係。本研究另模擬內孤立波通過不同障礙物（長斜坡、梯形斜坡短平台及等腰三角形）之傳遞過程，討論內波經單一障礙物之波形演變、渦動及流場變化。由研究發現，若能採用極細網格與費心分析數值模擬的圖形輸出，相信比實驗室實驗觀察更能深入瞭解內孤立波的傳遞特性。

Due to advances in technology and sophistication of many efficient algorithms, accurate numerical results can be achieved by using highly efficient computational software for research in wave action on coastal and harbor structures. These advances have benefitted the research in the physical phenomena of internal wave generation, propagation and breaking, which are some of the important topics in oceanography. In this study, the Flow-3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software is used to simulate internal solitary wave motion in a density stratified fluid, in which the upper and lower layers are fresh and brine water, respectively. An internal solitary wave (ISW) is produced numerically by gravitational collapse mechanism in a numerical wave flume of 0.7 x 0.5 x 12.0 m (height x width x length ). The ISW in depression is then allow to propagate and across four different bottom obstacles (long uniform slope, trapezoidal section with short platform and isosceles triangle), in order to explore its waveform evolution and flow field distribution.
This study also describes the setting and operation of the Flow-3D software, its application to the internal wave experiment, as well as verification of the numerically simulated results using previous laboratory experimental data. In this study, the lifting speed for the sluice gate was vital for not only the amplitude of an ISW, but also the speed of wave propagation in the flume. The result showed that the faster the gate opening, the faster propagation speeds and larger amplitude for the ISW so generated. Conversely, a slower gate opening led to weak wave speed and small amplitude to an ISW. Upon analyzing the results, we have found that the relationship between the speed of the gate opening and the wave propagation speed are not linear. Moreover, preliminary analysis and discussion are given for the ISW propagation over an obstacle (uniform long slope, trapezoidal section with short platform, and isosceles triangle), particularly on waveform evolution, vortex motions and flow field variations. It is believed that we can gain a better and thorough understanding of the internal wave characteristics, compared to physical laboratory experiments, if the numerical tool is applied with very fine grids and detailed analysis on the numerical outputs.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 理論解析 3
1.2.2 現場調查 4
1.2.3 實驗室研究 7
1.2.4 數值模擬 9
1.3 研究目的 11
1.4 本文架構 11
第二章 數值模式 12
2.1 FLOW-3D 軟體簡介 12
2.1.1 網格處理方法 12
2.1.2 障礙物處理方法 13
2.1.3 流體界面和自由液面方法 14
2.2 基本控制方程式 16
2.2.1 　 Navier-Stokes控制方程式 16
2.2.2 　 FLOW-3D控制方程式 16
2.3 初始條件與邊界條件 20
2.4 模型輔助設計 21
第三章 模式驗證及操作 24
3.1 實驗室內孤立波實驗 24
3.2 FLOW-3D模式執行步驟 26
3.3 模擬結果初步驗證 31
第四章 模擬結果與討論 41
4.1 閘門開啟速率之影響 41
4.2 內波傳遞的波形與流場 50
4.2.1 內波在長斜坡上傳遞之波形與流場 50
4.2.2 內波通過短平台梯形斜坡之波形與流場 60
4.2.3 內波通過等腰三角形之波形與流場 68
第五章 結論與建議 75
5.1 結論 75
5.2 建議 76
參考文獻 80

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