甲烷是大氣中重要的溫室氣體之一，其全球暖化潛勢（GWP）為二氧化碳的28倍。最近研究顯示農畜牧業產生之甲烷相當可觀，而全球養殖漁業產量逐年攀升，但對於養殖漁業所排放之甲烷卻鮮少被探討。為了更佳瞭解養殖漁業甲烷之逸散量，本研究自2015年9月至2016年7月測量臺灣南部（高雄與屏東）養殖池之甲烷濃度及估算甲烷擴散通量。高雄養殖池之甲烷通量範圍為−2.0到256 μmol/m2/d（平均值：61 μmol/m2/d），而屏東養殖池之甲烷通量範圍為−2.4到449 μmol/m2/d（平均值：81 μmol/m2/d），兩地通量高值皆出現於春、秋兩季。另外也發現甲烷之高通量出現於收成後之養殖池底土(794±1,028 μmol/m2/d)、養殖池周遭排放水(7,407±9,237 μmol/m2/d)以及供應養殖池之地下水(1,494±1,789 mmol/m2/d)。這些甲烷通量對比於養殖池皆明顯高出1–2個數量級，突顯出養殖池外其他甲烷來源之重要性。然而本研究之甲烷通量大約比Yang et al. (2015)閩江養殖池量測之甲烷通量(平均值：2,400 μmol/m2/d)低約1個數量級，其差異可能為不同方法或其養殖密度太高所導致。同時也估算全臺灣養殖漁業之甲烷通量分別是養殖魚池：195 Tons CH4 / yr、養殖排放水：1,160 Tons CH4 / yr與地下水：118 Tons CH4 / yr。而在2016年初的超級寒流過後發現：不論養殖池水或是底土之甲烷通量皆有大幅度提升，該現象突顯出超級寒流對養殖池溫室氣體生成之影響。然而根據全臺漁貨產量之估算，養殖漁業一年大約可貢獻9千萬多噸之甲烷，遠高於我們的年實測值1500噸 (不考慮水體擾動) 或 3000噸 (考慮水體擾動) 甚多。總體而言，本研究為臺灣南部養殖漁業甲烷通量之初探，甲烷實際通量可能被低估。未來需要透過增加採樣頻率與對養殖池周邊不同環境進行長時間調查，才能夠更加精確的估算整體養殖漁業之甲烷逸散量。

Methane (CH4) is one of the important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, its global warming potential index (GWP) is 28 times higher than CO2. Recent studies have shown the most CH4 production are from agriculture and livestock farming. Aquaculture fisheries have been increasing globally, but CH4 emissions from those aquaculture ponds have seldom been studied. To better evaluate CH4 emissions from aquaculture fisheries, we measured methane fluxes and estimated CH4 emission in aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan from 2015 to 2016. Fluxes of methane in aquaculture ponds in Kaohsiung and Pingtung ranged from −2.0 to 256 μmol/m2/d (Average: 61 μmol/m2/d) and −2.4 to 449 μmol/m2/d (Average: 81 μmol/m2/d), respectively with elevated methane fluxes in Spring and Fall. Moreover, high methane fluxes were found in sediments after harvest (794±1,028 μmol/m2/d), gutters along ponds (7,407±9,237 μmol/m2/d) and groundwater (1,494±1,789 mmol/m2/d). The methane fluxes of these sources were approximately 1–2 orders higher than methane fluxes in aquaculture ponds, indicating the importance of potential methane sources. As compared to similar aquaculture ponds, methane fluxes in this study are about an order lower than in Minjiang, China (Yang et al., 2015), while the difference between two investigations might be due to different sampling methods or aquaculture fish density difference. The estimated CH4 emissions in aquaculture fisheries in Taiwan are approximately 1,473 tons CH4 / yr, including aquaculture ponds (195 Tons CH4/yr), aquaculture wastewater of western Taiwan (1,160 Tons CH4/yr) and groundwater of Lin-bian (118 Tons CH4/yr). Elevated methane fluxes were found in aquaculture ponds after extreme weather events (Super cold front), demonstrating that EWE can significantly stimulate methane generation. According to Taiwan annual aquaculture production information, aquaculture fishery can contribute about 9 thousand tons of CH4 each year, which is higher than the measured methane emissions (1500 Tons CH4/yr, diffusion only；3,000 Tons CH4/yr, diffusion + water turbulence). Overall, it is a preliminary study of methane flux in south Taiwan aquaculture fishery, methane fluxes could be underestimated. It is needed to increase the sampling frequency and conduct long-term investigations in different surrounds near aquaculture ponds to better estimate CH4 emissions in different aquaculture fisheries in the future.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第1章、 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機及目的 9
1-2.1 了解臺灣西南部養殖池及其潛在甲烷來源之通量 9
1-2.2 探討極端天氣事件對於甲烷通量之影響 9
第2章、 研究區域與方法 10
2-1 研究區域 10
2-2 研究方法 11
2-2.1邊界層濃度差異法 (Boundary Layer Equation–BLE) 11
2-2.2靜態箱法 (Static Chamber–STAT) 13
2-3 水質與氣體流量參數測定 15
2-4 甲烷樣品分析 15
第3章、 結果與討論 18
3-1 甲烷濃度 18
3-1.1大氣樣品甲烷平均濃度 18
3-1.2水體樣品甲烷平均濃度 27
3-1.3沉積物樣品甲烷平均濃度 46
3-2 甲烷通量 49
3-2.1邊界層濃度差異法 (BLE) 49
3-2.2靜態箱法 (STAT) 57
3-3 甲烷逸散量 60
第4章、 結論 66
第5章、 參考文獻 68
附錄一 I
附錄二 II

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