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博碩士論文 etd-0720103-164551 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0720103-164551
論文名稱
Title
溫度、光週期與密度效應對美麗海葵有性生殖與無性生殖的影響
The effects of temperature, photoperiod and density on sexual and asexual reproductions of the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella Carlgren 1943.
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
44
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-06-17
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-07-20
關鍵字
Keywords
補償作用、美麗海葵、有性與無性生殖
trade-off, sexual and asexual reproduction, Aiptasia pulchella
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5817 times, has been downloaded 5170 times.
中文摘要
摘要

有性生殖與無性生殖間的補償作用一直是演化生物學家感興趣的題材,對蚜蟲及輪蟲個體而言,有、無性生殖在同一時間內只能擇一而行,但是對可以同時行有、無性生殖的海葵而言,其有、無性生殖是否會出現補償作用(trade-off)的現象呢?為了解答這個疑惑,我們以美麗海葵(Aiptasia pulchella Carlgren 1943)為材料,以不同的環境變因:溫度、光週期、海葵個體密度為處理,並以碎裂片數目、大小及溼重代表無性生殖的反應與投資,以生殖腺溼重代表有性生殖的投資,探討海葵的有、無性生殖投資之間是否有補償作用的現象。
連續處理七週後,美麗海葵在低溫(22℃)的情況下較高溫(29℃)的海葵個體大,同時產生較大、較重的碎裂片,也產生較重的生殖腺;而在長日照(15小時光照;9小時黑暗)的情況下,雖然實驗結束時個體較短日照組(9小時光照;15小時黑暗)小,但是卻產生較重的生殖腺。溫度及光週期因子間沒有交感效應存在;有、無性生殖投資在不同的溫度及光週期下,也沒有顯著的相關。
在不同的個體密度下,實驗七週後,飼養在低密度的海葵(每個燒杯中飼養1隻)較飼養在高密度的海葵(每個燒杯中飼養4隻)個體大,同時產生較多、較大、較重的碎裂片,也產生較重的生殖腺;有、無性生殖投資之間則呈現顯著的正相關。
歸納以上的實驗結果可知:海葵於低溫下有較高的有、無性生殖投資;在長日照下則有較高的有性生殖投資;而海葵在低個體密度的情況下,無論有性或無性生殖投資,均高於高個體密度的海葵。從以上兩個實驗的結果我們並沒有發現海葵的有、無性生殖投資會隨著環境因素不同而出現負相關的現象,實驗的結果初步驗證了美麗海葵的有、無性生殖之間並沒有補償作用的現象。

Abstract
Abstract

In order to explore the mechanisms causing trade-offs between sexual and asexual reproductions, the sea anemones Aiptasia pulchella were taken as objects since they can reproduce by both modes simultaneously. Specimens were reared under different temperatures, photoperiods, and densities. Total weights of lacerates were used as an index of investment in asexual reproduction, whereas gonad weights as an index of investment in sexual reproduction.
Sea anemones reared under low temperature (22℃) reached larger pedal disks and produced larger, heavier lacerates, they also produced heavier gonads than those under high temperature (29℃). Those reared under long light hours (15:9) reached smaller sizes and produced heavier gonads than those under short light hours (9:15). But the effect of photoperiod on lacerate size, number and weight are not significant. Interaction effect was not significant between these two factors. Correlation between sexual and asexual investments was not significant, either.
In addition, A. pulchella reared under low density (1 sea anemone/beaker) produced more, heavier lacerates and heavier gonads than those under crowding conditions (4 sea anemones/beaker). There was a significantly positive correlationship between sexual and asexual reproduction investments.
It seems there was no trade-offs between sexual and asexual investiments of the sea anemone A. pulchella.

目次 Table of Contents
目錄

目 次 頁 碼
壹、 前言………………………………………………………………………………1
貳、 材料及方法………………………………………………………………………7
實驗一:溫度與光週期對美麗海葵有性生殖與無性生殖的影響……………7
實驗二:密度效應對美麗海葵有性生殖與無性生殖的影響…………………9
參、 實驗結果………………………………………………………………………..10
實驗一:溫度與光週期對美麗海葵有性生殖與無性生殖的影響…………..10
實驗二:密度效應對美麗海葵有性生殖與無性生殖的影響………………..13
肆、 討論……………………………………………………………………………..15
伍、 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………..21
圖……………………………………………………………………………………..25
附錄(表)..…………………………………………………………………………….39


圖目錄
圖次 頁碼
圖一、實驗七週後,不同溫度及光週期處理下美麗海葵足盤大小比較………..25
圖二、不同溫度、光週期處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生
的碎裂片數目………………………………………………………………..26
圖三、不同溫度、光週期處理下的美麗海葵累計至實驗第二、四以及七週
內產生的碎裂片數…………………………………………………………..27
圖四、不同溫度、光週期處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵產生碎裂片平
均大小………………………………………………………………………..28
圖五、不同溫度、光週期處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生
的碎裂片總溼重……………………………………………………………..29
圖六、不同溫度、光週期處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生
的生殖腺總溼重……………………………………………………………..30
圖七、不同溫度、光週期處理下,美麗海葵有性生殖及無性生殖投資的關
係……………………………………………………………………………..31
圖八、實驗七週後,低密度(1 ind./beaker)及高密度(4 ind./beaker)處
理下海葵足盤大小比較……………………………………………………..32
圖九、不同密度處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生的碎裂片
數目…………………………………………………………………………..33
圖十、不同密度處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生的碎裂片
大小…………………………………………………………………………..34圖十一、不同密度處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生的碎裂
片重量………………………………………………………………………..35

圖十二、不同密度處理下,不同足盤直徑的美麗海葵累計七週產生的生殖
腺重量……………………………………………………………………..36
圖十三、不同密度處理下,美麗海葵有性生殖及無性生殖投資的關係………..37
圖十四、實驗七週後,美麗海葵在不同的能量、環境條件下,有性生殖與
無性生殖投資的關係…………………….……………………………….38


表目錄
表 次 頁 碼

表一、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同溫度、光週期處理下,足盤直
徑(95 ﹪信賴區間)均值差異比較………………………………………39
表二、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同溫度、光週期處理下,碎裂片
大小(95 ﹪信賴區間)均值差異比較……………………………………40
表三、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同溫度、光週期處理下,碎裂片
總溼重(95 ﹪信賴區間)均值差異比較…………………………………41
表四、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同的溫度、光週期處理下,產生
的碎裂片重量對海葵足盤直徑的變積分析………………………………..42
表五、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同溫度、光週期處理下,生殖腺
溼重(95 ﹪信賴區間)均值差異比較……………………………………43
表六、實驗七週後,美麗海葵飼養在不同的溫度、光週期處理下,產生
的生殖腺重量對海葵足盤直徑的變積分析………………………………..44







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