眾多的健身器材中，以跑步機的使用率最為普及，而在跑步時最重要的目的不外乎在消耗身體多餘的能量，所以一套適當的運動強度也變得非常重要，除了能幫助達到運動效果也可避免運動傷害，但如何計算出合適的運動強度是值得探討。而市面上的跑步機無法完整提供適合的生理數據，想要達成精確的量測跑者在跑步機上施力變化，一般作法是將機台做成剛性極高的機構，但這作法的主要問題是會使跑步機造價變得昂貴且笨重。心率量測的部分，則需要跑步時貼上ECG量測貼片，但是汗水會造成貼片鬆脫，跑步時ECG貼片的傳輸線也會因外在因素影響訊號的品質，故發展出一套簡單有效的量測方法將是本文重要的目標。
本文使用一般市面上的商務用跑步機，在跑步機四隻腳位位置裝設荷重元(Load Cell)作為跑步機應力量測裝置，並利用系統識別的方法求得跑步機動態模型，更進一步推算出跑者實際的地面反作用力。由計算後跑者實際的地面反作用力經公式計算出TVI(Total Vertical Impulse)指標，由已知的TVI與跑步消耗能量之線性關係，了解到心率變化與跑步消耗能量有高度相關。本文欲找出以TVI值為基礎發展出與跑步消耗能量有相同性質的關係函數，即可計算出跑步消耗能量值，並可藉由此關係函數求得相對的心率變化，減少心率量測的麻煩。
本文透過跑步時心率變化響應來觀測所對應的運動強度關係，希望藉此來觀察跑步前後心率的變化，評估跑者體能的相對變化。根據跑後心率回復(Heart Rate Recovery, HRR)情形及跑後心率回復率變化，來代表跑者的體能情況。利用五種不同速度計算出的TVI值與心率變化指標，藉由線性迴歸方程式，建立出TVI與心率變化指標的整體趨勢方程式，且在統計上其效果是相當顯著(P值都在0.05以下)具有線性關係。若再將TVI值進行標準化後，其P值極為更小，代表關係更具有顯著性。

Treadmill is a highly popular fitness equipments. One of the most important purposes of running is to consume redundant energy of the body. A well designed exercise intensity plan can achieve the benefits of exercise while avoiding sport injuries. Calculating the appropriate exercise intensity is therefore a valuable study issue. Current commercially available treadmills cannot provide sufficient physiological data. In particular, in order to measure the ground reaction force (GRF) of the runners, traditional approach is to design treadmill as a rigid body. Such treadmills are thus expensive and heavy. To estimate heart rate (HR), ECG measurement is typically required. However, sweat can cause the patch to loose and the quality of the signal transmission can also be degraded by environmental noises. Thus the aim of this work is to develop a simple and effective method to assess exercise intensity by estimating HR with GRF.. To achieve this goal, this work places load cells under the legs of the treadmill. By constructing the dynamic model of the treadmill via system identification technique, we can estimate the actual GRF from the measurements of the load cells. After computing the TVI (Total Vertical Impulse) index from the GRF, this work then investigates the linear relationship between TVI and running energy consumption by estimating HR from TVI. Based on the known relationship between HR and exercise intensity, we can observe the runner’s condition from the speed of HR recovery and the HR time response during running. By means of linear regression method, it is found that the linear relations between TVI index and these HR measures are statistically significant. The p-value of such statically tests become even smaller when TVI index is normalized.

誌謝 ...................................................................................... III
目錄 ..................................................................................... IV
表目錄 ............................................................................... VIII
圖目錄 ................................................................................. IX
摘 要 .................................................................................. XV
ABSTRACT .........................................................................XV第一章 緒論 ........................................................................ 1
1.1 前言 ................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ............................................................ 2
1.3 文獻回顧.......................................................................... 3
1.4 論文架構......................................................................... 5
第二章 跑步機量測平台及心率量測平台之建立 ............ 6
2.1 訊號擷取......................................................................... 6
2.2 感測元件－荷重元(LOAD CELL) .............................. 6
2.3 壓電材料－PVDF ......................................................... 7
2.4 踏步用量測T 形平台 .................................................... 8

誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
摘 要 XIV
ABSTRACT XV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章 跑步機量測平台及心率量測平台之建立 6
2.1 訊號擷取 6
2.2 感測元件－荷重元(LOAD CELL) 6
2.3 壓電材料－PVDF 7
2.4 踏步用量測T 形平台 8
2.5 跑步機下方之量測裝置 9
2.6 心電圖訊號量測電路 11
2.6.1 電極(ELECTRODE) 12
2.6.2 儀表差動放大器和RIGHT LAG DRIVE 13
2.6.3 濾波器 14
第三章跑步機模式建立及實驗步驟 16
3.1 跑步機模式建立 16
3.2 跑步訊號及ECG訊號量測實驗流程 22
3.3 整段的HR訊號 23
3.4 TVI (TOTAL VERTICAL IMPULSE)。 24
3.5 TVI標準化 25
第四章 結果與討論 26
4.1 跑步機模型準確度 26
4.2 HEARTRATE與TOTAL VERTICAL IMPULSE關係 27
4.3 「跑步平均」與「TVI」關係 33
4.3.1 「跑步平均」與「TVI」關係 33
4.3.2 「跑步平均」與「TVI標準化」關係 35
4.4 「HRR」和「TVI」關係 37
4.4.1 「HRR」和「TVI」關係 37
4.4.2 「HRR」和「TVI標準化」關係 39
4.5 「跑步平均與跑步後平均的差」和「TVI」關係 41
4.5.1 「跑步平均與跑後平均的差」和「TVI」關係 41
4.5.2 「跑步平均減去跑後平均」和「TVI標準化」關係 43
4.5 「跑步平均與跑前平均差」和「TVI」關係 45
4.5.1 「跑步平均與跑前平均差」和「TVI」關係 45
4.5.2 「跑步平均心率與跑步前平均心率差」和「TVI標準化」關係 47
第五章 結論與建議 50
參考文獻 51
附錄I 參考文獻 建立的跑步機系統模型 54
附錄II 受測者8人在5筆速度時整體HR變化 55
附錄III 跑步平均心率與TVI REGRESSION ANALYSIS 56
附錄IV 跑步平均心率與TVI標準化 REGRESSION ANALYSIS 56
附錄V HRR與TVI REGRESSION ANALYSIS 56
附錄VI HRR與TVI標準化 REGRESSION ANALYSIS 57
附錄VII 跑步平均心率減去跑步後平均心率與TVI REGRESSION ANALYSIS 57
附錄VIII 跑步平均心率減去跑步後平均心率與TVI標準化 REGRESSION ANALYSIS 57
附錄IX 跑步平均心率減去跑步前平均心率與TVI REGRESSION ANALYSIS 58
附錄X 跑步平均心率減去跑步前平均心率與TVI標準化 REGRESSION ANALYSIS 58
附錄XI 跑前平均心率 58
附錄XII 10位受測者自行決定的最加速度其HR與TVI變化圖 59
附錄XIII 10位受測者自行決定的最加速度的直接能量(由4腳位擷取到的值直接平方相加再除以體重(KG)) 61
附錄XIV 10位受測者自行決定的最加速度的TVI指標(由4腳位擷取到的值直接相加再除以體重(KG)，再除以速度) 64
附錄XV 由T形踏板確認跑步機系統模型 67
附錄XVI 8位受測者HRR 70

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