本論文提出一新型太陽能電池最大功率追蹤法，根據太陽能電池之動態特性，利用太陽能電池與電力電子轉換器電路中固有漣波電流、電壓之相位，建立含漣波電流之太陽能電池系統最大功率追蹤控制。由實驗得知，在太陽能電池之漣波電流峰值小於最大功率點電流時，電流及電壓的相位相反。當漣波電流峰直達最大功率點電流，電流與電壓之間開始出現相位偏移，此相位偏移隨著輸出電流增加，峰值超過最大功率點電流而益發顯著。本研究針對太陽能電池之漣波電流與最大功率點電流間之特性，建構最大功率追蹤之控制策略，並設計一相位偵測電路判別輸出電流與電壓間之相位偏移，以微控制器控制轉換器之導通率，達成最大功率追蹤。
與傳統追蹤方法相比，漣波電流導向不須計算太陽能電池之平均輸出電壓、電流及功率，僅偵測輸出電流、電壓間之相位偏移，控制轉換器之導通率即可達成最大功率追蹤，並於不同的照度變化迅速將太陽能電池操作於當下的最大功率點。此外，太陽能電池輸出端無須並聯電解電容，進而排除電解電容使用壽命之問題。本研究建構一小型太陽能實驗系統，設計相位偵測電路及控制策略，驗證漣波電流導向最大功率追蹤速度與精確度。

This thesis proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique on basis of dynamic characteristics of the photovoltaic (PV) panel with a boost converter which is commonly set to step up the voltage level for the load requirement. The boost converter draws a rippled current from the PV panel with designated circuit parameters. Experimental tests reveal that the rippled current and voltage of a PV panel are always out of phase when the peak of the current is less than the current at the maximum power point (MPP), but begins to deviate once the current peak has reached the MPP current.
As compared with conventional methods that measure the average output current, voltage or power of the PV panel to achieve MPPT, the proposed MPPT method with ripple current orientation tracks the MPP based on the detected instantaneous phase deviation of the PV voltage and current. The MPP can be oriented by the peak of the rippled current once the peak current has reached the MPP current. By continuously detecting the phase difference, the PV panel can be operated at the MPP under constant atmosphere condition and can quickly move to the new MPP when the operating condition has been changed. Besides, with the proposed MPPT method, the electrolytic capacitor can be excluded from the output terminal of the PV panel. A laboratory PV system with a phase-difference detection circuit, a sampling circuit, and a micro-controller are set up to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the MPPT control strategy.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iii
Contents v
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viix
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background and Motive 1
1.2 Content Arrangement 3
Chapter 2
Photovoltaic Panel 4
2.1 Operation and Construction of Photovoltaic Panel 4
2.2 Static Characteristics and Maximum Power Point 6
2.3 Dynamic Characteristics of Photovoltaic Panel 9
2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods 13
2.4.1 Methods with Power Feedback Control 13
2.4.2 Voltage-Based & Current-Based Methods 15
2.4.3 Ripple Correlation Control 17
2.4.4 Methods with Mathematic Algorithm 18
Chapter 3
MPPT Method with Ripple Current Orientation 22
3.1 Arrangements of Laboratory Photovoltaic System 22
3.2 Concept of Proposed MPPT Method 25
3.2.1 Identification of MPP Current 25
3.2.2 Indication of Irradiance Variation 27
3.3 Tracking Strategy of Proposed MPPT Method 28
3.3.1 MPP Orientation 29
3.3.2 MPPT with Ambient Condition Variations 30
Chapter 4
Experimental Implementation and Verification 34
4.1 MPPT Control Unit of Photovoltaic System 34
4.1.1 Phase-Difference Detection Circuit 35
4.1.2 Voltage and Current Sampling 41
4.1.3 Micro-controller 43
4.2 Control Scenario of MPPT 44
4.2.1 Initial Tracking Period 45
4.2.2 Tracking with Variable Irradiance Levels 46
4.3 Experimental Verifications 48
4.3.1 Starting Transient of MPPT 48
4.3.2 MPPT with Variable Irradiance Conditions 50
4.3.3 Tracking Accuracy 53
Chapter 5
Conclusions and Discussions 54
5.1 Conclusions 54
5.2 Prospects of Improvement 55
References 57

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