近年來，無線通訊技術快速發展，原本的通訊頻帶已趨於飽和，為了更進一步提高資料傳輸率、有效地利用頻譜以及提高通訊傳輸的安全性，因此，操作頻率勢必朝向更高的頻帶來發展，也衍生出越來越多毫米波頻段的發展與應用。由於毫米波在空氣中傳輸距離短，因此需要高增益天線來克服此問題，本論文提出高指向性及高增益陣列天線設計，並涵蓋了整個60 GHz之免執照頻段。
本論文提出具有寬頻且高指向性之軸向天線，完成兩種不同結構之八木天線設計，並分別將兩者設計成1×4八木陣列天線以提高增益。第一種為具有巴倫器差動饋入之八木天線；而第二種為透過基板下方微帶線饋入以縮小設計巴倫器所需空間且擁有三個驅動器之準八木天線。本論文提出之兩種1×4八木陣列天線分別可達到14.3 dBi及15 dBi的增益以及皆有10 GHz以上的頻寬。根據1×4八木陣列天線延伸設計出2×4八木陣列天線，以期能降低製作成本並應用在更多產品上。

In recent years, the development of wireless communication systems has grown rapidly. The existing spectrum is gradually becoming insufficient. In order to further increase the data transmission rate, utilize the spectrum effectively, and improve the security of communications, radio of higher frequencies can be used. Therefore, higher frequency communication becomes more popular. This results in more and more millimeter wave applications. Because of the short transmission distance of millimeter wave, a high gain antenna is required to overcome this problem. In this thesis, we propose high directivity and high gain antenna arrays which cover the whole unlicensed band.
In this thesis, we also propose a wideband and high directivity antenna with end-fire radiation. After designing two different structures of Yagi antennas, we accomplish two kinds of 1×4 Yagi antenna arrays to enhance the gain. One antenna type is the Yagi antenna which consists of the typical balun, for the differential feed; the other type is the antenna which has a miniature balun structure and uses three drivers to construct the quasi-Yagi antenna. In this thesis, both of the 1×4 Yagi antenna arrays have a bandwidth of more than 10 GHz. Moreover, one of the 1×4 Yagi antenna array achieves a gain of 14.3 dBi, the other achieves a gain of 15 dBi. In order to reduce the cost and expand its applications in products, we can base our design on the 1×4 Yagi antenna array structure to derive the 2×4 Yagi antenna array.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌 謝 iii
摘 要 v
Abstract vi
目 錄 vii
圖 次 x
表 次 xvi
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究動機及背景 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 漸進式開槽天線之文獻探討 6
1.3 研究方法及目的 10
1.3.1 研究目標 11
1.4 論文架構 12
第二章 八木天線 14
2.1 八木天線介紹 14
2.2 簡單八木天線設計 18
2.3 微帶線饋入之八木天線設計 23
2.3.1 驅動器後方金屬之效應 28
2.4 本章結論 30
第三章 具有巴倫器之八木天線設計 31
3.1 巴倫器之設計 31
3.2 驅動器及反射器之設計 34
3.2.1 Wave Port饋入設定 36
3.3 具有巴倫器之八木天線 38
3.4 加上引向器之八木天線 42
3.5 本章結論 44
第四章 具有多驅動器之準八木天線設計 45
4.1 雙驅動器之準八木天線設計 45
4.2 三驅動器之準八木天線設計 48
4.3 本章結論 51
第五章 八木陣列天線設計 52
5.1 天線陣列理論 52
5.2 阻抗轉換器 53
5.3 具有巴倫器之八木陣列天線設計 55
5.3.1 饋入網路設計 57
5.4 具有三驅動器之準八木陣列天線設計 63
5.4.1 探討陣列元件間之互耦效應 69
5.4.2 探討軸向天線之基板效應 72
5.5 孔徑效率 75
5.6 具有三驅動器之4×2準八木陣列天線設計 79
5.7 本章結論 81
第六章 天線實作及量測 82
6.1 陣列天線於印刷電路板實作模擬 82
6.1.1 具有巴倫器之八木陣列天線 82
6.1.2 具有三驅動器之準八木陣列天線 87
6.2 具有三驅動器之準八木陣列天線量測與分析 92
6.2.1分析量測之變異性 98
6.3 參考文獻比較 104
6.4 本章結論 105
第七章 結論 106
參考文獻 107

[1] http://windowsil.org/2008/03/13/60-ghz-wireless-communications/
[2] P. Smulders, “Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access：prospects and future directions,” IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 140-147, Jan. 2002.
[3] http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/views/33_1/33_01-McKenna.html
[4] R. A. Alhalabi, and G. M. Rebeiz, “High-gain Yagi-Uda antennas for millimeter-wave switched-beam systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3672–3676, Nov. 2009.
[5] A. L. Amadjikpe, D. Choudhury, G. E. Ponchak, and J. Papapolymerou, “High gain quasi-Yagi planar antenna evalution in platform material environment for 60 GHz wireless applications,” IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IMS), pp. 385–388, 2009.
[6] O. Kramer, T. Djerafi, and W. Ke, “Very small footprint 60 GHz stacked Yagi antenna array,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3204–3210, Sep. 2011.
[7] R. A. Alhalabi, Y.-C. Chiou, and G. M. Rebeiz, “Self-shield high efficiency Yagi-Uda antennas for 60 GHz communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 742–750, Mar. 2011.
[8] S. S. Hsu, K. C. Wei, C. Y. Hsu, and H. R. Chuang, “A 60-GHz millimeter-wave CPW-fed Yagi antenna fabricated by using 0.18-um CMOS technology,” IEEE Electron. Device Lett., vol. 29, no.6, pp. 625–627, June 2008.
[9] F.-J. Huang, C.-M. Lee, C.-Y. Kuo, and C.-H. Luo, “MMW antenna in IPD process for 60-GHz WPAN applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 565–568, 2011.

[10] Y. P. Zhang, M. Sun, and L. H. Guo, “On-chip antennas for 60-GHz radios in silicon technology,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1664–1668, July 2005.
[11] J. Wu, Z. Zhao, Z. Nie, and Q. H. Liu, “Bandwidth enhancement of a planar printed quasi-Yagi antenna with size reduction,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 463–467, Jan. 2014.
[12] W. L. Atutzman, and G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.
[13] I. Mohamed, Z. Briqech, and A. Sebak, “Antipodal fermi tapered slot antenna for 60-GHz band applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 96–99, 2015.
[14] M. Sun, X. Qing, and Z. N. Chen, “60-GHz end-fire fan-like antennas with wide beamwidth,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1616–1622, Apr. 2013.
[15] M. Sun, Z. N. Chen, and X. Qing, “Gain enhancement of 60-GHz antipodal tapered slot antenna using zero-index metamaterial,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1741–1746, Apr. 2013.
[16] L. Pazin and Y. Leviatan, “A compact 60-GHz tapered slot antenna printed on LCP substrate foe WPAN applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 272–275, 2010.
[17] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012.
[18] http://www.tuc.com.tw/products-category.php?id=1&type=5
[19] http://www.tuc.com.tw/products-detail.php?id=23&type=1
[20] 路宏敏, 微帶線直角彎曲最佳斜切率研究, 西安電子科技大學學報 (自然科學版), 2009.
[21] J. Yeo, and J.-I. Lee, “Bandwidth enhancement of double-dipole quasi-Yagi antenna using stepped slotline structure,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 694–697, 2016.
[22] 翁金輅, 基本天線理論, 2012.
[23] D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed, Pearson, 1989.
[24] 台灣帛江科技
[25] 鄭智宇, 60-GHz高增益寬頻天線陣列整合電磁帶隙反射板於手持式裝置與右手/左手傳輸線於天線陣列之應用, 國立中山大學電機工程研究所碩士論文, 2014.
[26] L. Lu, K. Ma, F. Meng, and K.-S. Yeo, “Design of a 60-GHz quasi-Yagi antenna with novel ladder-like directors for gain and bandwidth enhancement,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 682–685, 2016.
[27] Z. Briqech, A. R. Sebak, and T. A. Denidni, “High-efficiency 60-GHz printed Yagi antenna array,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1224–1227, 2013.
[28] S. X. Ta, J. J. Han, H. Choo, and I. Park, “ High gain 60 GHz band printed quasi-Yagi antenna using a novel microstrip-slotline transition feed,” 2012 5th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM), pp. 1–4, 2012.
[29] O. Kramer, T. Djerafi, and W. Ke, “Very small footprint 60 GHz stacked Yagi antenna array,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3204–3210, Sep. 2011.
[30] A. L. Amadjikpe, D. Choudhury, G. E. Ponchak, and J. Papapolymerou, “High gain quasi-Yagi planar antenna evalution in platform material environment for 60 GHz wireless applications,” IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IMS), pp. 385–388, 2009.
[31] R. A. Alhalabi, and G. M. Rebeiz, “High-gain Yagi-Uda antennas for millimeter-wave switched-beam systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3672–3676, Nov. 2009.
[32] 馮長毅, 以銀為主要成分之鎊線的高頻特性探討與60 GHz具彎折偶極之八木天線之設計, 國立中山大學通訊工程研究所碩士論文, 2015.