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博碩士論文 etd-0721106-103550 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0721106-103550
論文名稱
Title
都會區視覺空氣品質指標之可行性評估及研析
A Feasible Evaluation and Analysis of Visual Air Quality Index in Urban Areas
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
115
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-07-09
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-07-21
關鍵字
Keywords
大氣能見度、視覺空氣品質、氣象參數、相關性分析
correlation analysis, meteorological parameter, atmospheric visibility, visual air quality
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5667 次,被下載 16
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5667 times, has been downloaded 16 times.
中文摘要
本研究運用2003~2004年期間中央氣象局台北氣象站及高雄氣象站氣象資料〈計有氣溫、風速、能見度、總雲量〉暨行政院環境保護署空氣品質監測站空氣污染物監測資料〈計有士林、中山、萬華、古亭、松山、楠梓、左營、前金、小港等〉,利用統計分析方法,評估以能見度作為環境空氣品質指標之可行性。
綜合台北及高雄都會區之能見度而言,1983~1992年之台北都會區能見度呈較穩定狀態,約介於5~12公里之間,而1993年以後之能見度呈逐漸上升趨勢,約介於6~16公里之間,顯示台北都會區之視覺空氣品質確實有逐年改善之情形。就高雄都會區能見度而言,則呈逐年下降之趨勢,由原來之10~24公里之間,降到2~12公里之間,尤以1993年以後之下降較為明顯。
本研究探討能見度與現行空氣品質指標(PSI)之相關性,將能見度分為四個等級。當PSI為100的情況下,此時能見度歸類為接近「不好」之等級,即能見度在3公里以下。當PSI為76~100的情況下,此時能見度歸類為接近「普通」之等級,即能見度在4公里以下。當PSI為50~75的情況下,此時能見度歸類為接近「好」之等級,即能見度在7公里以下。當PSI為20~49的情況下,此時能見度歸類為接近「良好」之等級,即能見度在7公里以上。
Abstract
This research analyzed the weather information (temperature, wind velocity, visibility, and total cloudiness) from the Taipei and the Kaohsiung Weather Station of Central Weather Bureau, and air pollution from the Air Quality Monitoring Station of Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan ( Shihlin, Shihlin, Jhongshan, Wanhua, Guting, Songshan,), Nanzih, Zuoying, Cianjin, and Siaogan ) to evaluate the feasibility of using visibility as the ambient air quality index by statistical analysis。

In regard to the visibility in Taipei metropolis, the visibility between 1983~1992 showed a steady status between 5~11 kilometers. The visibility after 1993 has increased gradually between 6~16 kilometers, which indicated that the visual air quality has been improved year by year in Taipei metropolis. In regard to the visibility in Kaohsiung metropolis, the index has a trend of decreasing year by year from 10~24 kilometers to 2~12 kilometers, and the decrease was particularly obvious after 1993.

Analyzing the air quality index greater than 100 in the metropolis, the visibility is categorized as the level of "poor", which means that the visibility is within 3 kilometers. When the air quality index ranges between 76~100, the visibility is categorized as the level of median, which means the visibility is within 4 kilometers. When the air quality index ranges between 50~75, the visibility is categorized as the level of "good", which means the visibility is within 7 kilometers. When the air quality index ranges between 20~49, the visibility is categorized as the level of "excellent", which means the visibility is beyond 7 kilometers.
目次 Table of Contents
IV
目錄
謝誌………………………………………………………………… I
摘要………………………………………………………………… II
英文摘要…………………………………………………………… III
目錄………………………………………………………………… IV
表目錄……………………………………………………………… VII
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… VIII
第一章前言………………………………….……..………….… 1-1
1-1 研究緣起…………………………………….……..……….. 1-1
1-2 研究目的…………………………………….………..…….. 1-1
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………..…. 2-1
2-1 都會區空氣品質現況………………………..……….…….. 2-1
2-1-1 空氣品質變化趨勢……………………………………. 2-1
2-1-2 空氣污染物濃度變化趨勢……………………………. 2-2
2-1-3 都會區氣象概述………………………………………. 2-4
2-2 大氣中懸浮微粒之特性……………………………………. 2-14
2-2-1 懸浮微粒之分類與組成……...….……………………. 2-14
2-2-2 二次氣膠之特性……………………...……………….. 2-15
2-2-3 懸浮微粒中碳成份之物性……………..……………... 2-16
2-2-4 懸浮微粒粒徑分佈……………………………………. 2-20
2-3 能見度與消光係數之定義…………………..……………... 2-24
2-3-1 能見度之定義………………………….……………… 2-24
2-3-1-1 氣象範圍………………………...……………... 2-24
2-3-1-2 盛行能見度…………………...………………... 2-26
2-3-2 消光係數之定義……………………….……………… 2-26
2-3-3 光學效應與能見度之關係……………………………. 2-27
V
2-4 能見度影響因素……………………………………………. 2-30
2-4-1 懸浮微粒物化特性之影響………………………..…... 2-30
2-4-1-1 物理因子……………………………………….. 2-30
2-4-1-2 化學因子………...……………………………... 2-33
2-4-2 污染源對能見度之影響………………………..…….. 2-35
2-4-3 氣象條件之影響…………..………………………….. 2-37
2-4-3-1 天氣型態與空氣品質之關係……...………... 2-37
2-4-3-2 相對溼度與空氣品質之關係..………………. 2-40
2-4-3-3 混合層高度與空氣品質之關係………..……... 2-43
2-5 各國空氣品質指標比較與分析……………………………. 2-44
第三章研究方法………………………………………………... 3-1
3-1 影響因子統計分析方法…………………………………….. 3-1
3-2 能見度作為空氣品質指標之可行性分析………………….. 3-2
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………….. 4-1
4-1 天氣型態對空氣品質之影響…………………..…………... 4-1
4-1-1 天氣型態之整理……………………………………… 4-1
4-1-2 天氣型態與懸浮微粒之關係………………………… 4-10
4-1-3 天氣型態與空氣品質指標之關係…………………… 4-12
4-2 都會區能見度時空分佈…………………………………….. 4-12
4-3 都會區能見度之比較………………………………………. 4-16
4-4 能見度與氣象因子之相關性…………….…………… 4-18
4-4-1 溫度效應………………………………………………. 4-18
4-4-2 相對溼度………………………………………………. 4-23
4-4-3 風速效應………..………………...…………..………. 4-23
4-5 懸浮微粒之時空變化趨勢………………..………………... 4-26
4-5-1 懸浮微粒之時間變化趨勢…………………………….. 4-26
4-5-2 懸浮微粒之空間分怖………………………………… 4-28
VI
4-6 能見度和懸浮微粒濃度之相關性分析……………………. 4-28
4-7 能見度和現行空氣品質指標(PSI)之相關性分析……... 4-31
4-7-1 都會區PSI 之比較…….……………………………… 4-32
4-7-2 能見度和PSI 之關係……………….………………… 4-35
4-8 視覺空氣品質指標制度可行性評估………………………. 4-38
4-8-1 物理化學性空氣品質指標制度應用之可行性評估… 4-40
4-8-2 環境及人體健康影響性空氣品質指標制度應用之可
行性評估……….....……………………………………
4-41
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………….. 5-1
5-1 結論…………………………………………………………... 5-1
5-2 建議…………………………………………………………... 5-2
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