台灣的海上箱網養殖發展起源於澎湖，已有35年左右的歷史，隨著箱網養殖逐年擴大，已造成影響我國海洋箱網養殖環境之永續發展。本研究目的在於評估菜園海域養殖區底質現況，箱網養殖環境衝擊規範及底質分析之研究。研究方法主要包括養殖區環境底泥沉積率累積實驗，檢測重金屬（Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、As、Fe、Al、Mn）濃度、硫化物（Sulfide）、氧化還原電位（Redox）與總有機碳（Total Organic Carbon）濃度分布，判別養殖區之衝擊海洋環境狀況，並利用主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis）與集群分析（Cluster Analysis），推論重金屬箱網內外分布之趨勢及衝擊距離與深度。底泥累積率研究結果，菜園海域累積底泥平均深度約為49公分，底泥沉積率與底泥累積厚度成正比；養殖平均沉積率約為0.061 g/c㎡/day，對照國外水產養殖區餌料沉積率，明顯高於國外養殖區。重金屬結果顯示，養殖區域重金屬檢測平均值均高於無養殖區對照組甚多，顯示整體環境上養殖區已受到養殖廢棄物的影響。至於，Cr、Ni可能因菜園海域地理或週圍排放源引起，必須深入探討及研究。硫化物在箱網下底泥測得濃度皆高於箱網外，氧化還原電位數據均為負值；有機碳含量與無養殖區對照組相比高達數倍之多，結果顯示菜園養殖海域，其底質環境已呈現惡化及超過環境承載量。養殖區底泥重金屬擴散全養殖區，平均深度越深其重金屬濃度越高，顯示養殖區重金屬分布趨勢與距離、深度有相關性。本研究針對菜園海域養殖區對環境之衝擊，提出減緩、改善養殖區底質環境之方法，包含：中央主管機關應協助業者箱網養殖廢料處理、休耕養殖機制的實施、採用多重養殖、評估養殖區承載量及衝擊的範圍等方式，嚴謹重視箱網養殖環境的問題，以達經濟與環境永續發展。

Taiwan marine cage aquaculture originated in Penghu and has been developed over 25 years. The expansion of marine cage scale has caused ecological impacts such as enrichment and changes in marine cage sustainable development. The object of this study is to investigate the approaches for assessing the condition of marine cage aquaculture sediment and impacts in Chaiyuan, Penghu. Study methods including cumulative depth and deposit rate of sediment, heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Al, Fe, Mn), sulfide, Redox, and Total Organic Carbon were carried to investigate the impact of environment in marine cage aquaculture. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis were implemented to determine the trend of impact distance and depth within the cage areas.
This result shows that the average cumulative depth of sediment is approximately 49cm. Cumulative depth and deposit rate of sediment are positive related. The deposit rate of sediment is 0.061g/cm2 per day that is faster than cage farming areas in other countries. The monitoring results from Chaiyuan had the higher concentration of heavy metal than non-farming area. This suggests that the sediment in Chaiyuan has seriously impacted by the cage waste deposition. In particular, higher values of Cr and Ni could be resulted from the discharge of other sources that is needed for further study. High concentration of sulfide was observed under farming cage, Redox from all sites are negative, and the amount of total Organic Carbon is many times than non farming areas. Those conclude that the sediment in Chaiyuan has faced significant
III
degradation and over its carrying capacity. Contamination of Heavy metal is detected on all the monitoring sites over the farming areas. The higher concentration of heavy metal was observed at the deeper water. The distance, depth and distribution of heavy metal have closely inter-relationships. This study also attempts to provide the approaches of mitigation for improving the farming environment, for example, 1) the authorization should assist farmers in dealing with waste disposal. 2) Implementation of rotation cage farming scheme and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. 3) Assessment of marine cage carrying capacity and impact to the environment. Those questions should be all taken into concern to achieve the economic and environment sustainable development in the future.

目錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………….. Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………….. Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………………………………….. Ⅳ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………….. VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………….. IX

第一章、前言…………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 海上箱網養殖現況…………………….............................. 1
1.2 國內外相關研究情況……………………………….......... 2
1.3 研究動機……………………………….............................. 10
1.4 研究目的…………..…….................................................... 12
1.5 研究架構與流程……..………………................................ 12
第二章、材料與方法……………………………………………… 15
2.1 底泥沉積採樣規劃…………………….............................. 15
2.2 底泥厚度測量……………….……………………………. 19
2.3 底泥之重金屬採樣及實驗方法……….............................. 21
第三章、結果……………………………………………………… 27
3.1 澎湖菜園底泥採樣結果………………………….............. 27
3.2 底泥厚度分析……………………...................................... 32
3.3 澎湖菜園海域底泥沉積總體積……….............................. 34
3.4 菜園海域底泥重金屬檢測結果………………….............. 37
3.5 綜合分析……………………………….............................. 64
第四章、重金屬主成分分析及集群分析………………………… 67
4.1 主成分分析及集群分析……………….............................. 67
4.2 菜園海域養殖區重金屬分析………….............................. 68
4.3 綜合分析……………………………….............................. 90
第五章、討論……………………………………………………… 92
5.1 箱網養殖區底泥沉積率探討………….............................. 92
5.2 底泥重金屬探討….............................................................. 94
5.3 箱網養殖區底泥規範………………….............................. 101
5.4 減緩養殖對環境衝擊………………….............................. 103
第六章、結論與建議……………………………………………… 108
參考文獻………………………………………………………….. 114
附錄……………………………………………………………….. 120

參考文獻
一、中文參考文獻
（一） 書籍
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（二） 期刊
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（三） 研究報告
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（四） 論文
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三、參考網站
1. 行政院環保署。http://www.epa.gov.tw/。
2. 澎湖縣馬公市戶政事務所網站。http://www.phhg.gov.tw/makun/count.asp。
3. 澎湖日報，菜園海域污染嚴重，平台安全又堪慮，http://blog.xuite.net/penghu.dialy/blog/33760492，2010/05/10
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