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博碩士論文 etd-0721113-011151 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0721113-011151
論文名稱
Title
設計與實現具優化節能管理策略之無線感測網路架構
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network Architecture with Optimizing Energy Management Strategy
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
110
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2013-07-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2013-08-21
關鍵字
Keywords
路由路徑、網路拓樸、AODV、無線感測網路、嵌入式微處理器
routing path, network topology, AODV, embedded microprocessors, wireless sensor networks
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5730 times, has been downloaded 1116 times.
中文摘要
隨著無線通訊、嵌入式微處理器及電池技術的進步與整合之下,促使無線網路的發展更加多元化,同時也擴展了無線感測網路 (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)的應用層面。在低成本、低功耗和高可靠性的裝置需求之下,如何發展具備降低裝置耗能和傳輸延遲,並提升整體網路完整度之無線感測網路架構成為一個重要的研究方向。因此,本論文針對無線感測網路中的嵌入式感測裝置,提出一應用動態競爭時槽與交換路由協定之無線感測網路架構 DADW (DCSI and AODV-DSRP base on Wireless Sensor Network Architecture)。本架構所引用之DCSI能夠在裝置資訊建立階段的運行過程中,以動態調整超訊框內之時槽數量來適應不同的網路拓墣環境,並限定只有接收到廣播訊號的節點才有權限發出加入訊號,以避免冗餘發送造成的訊號干擾。而本架構提出的AODV-DSRP在路由建立過程的RREP封包和回應資料傳輸的ACK封包內挾帶了路徑裝置的剩餘能量資訊,以供主控端在每次傳輸前可以重新計算路由權重,再搭配動態依權重調整路由的策略,使得整體網路裝置耗能趨於平衡。模擬分析方面,我們使用NS2模擬平台來驗證DADW架構的效能表現,實作部份則是使用Texas Instrument之嵌入式平台建置出一個實體的無線感測網路環境。未來,我們期望本系統架構能夠以穩定、節能、低成本的特性,符合並廣泛應用於各個領域之實務需求,進而激盪出無線感測網路發展之無限可能。
Abstract
With the advances and integration of wireless communications, embedded microprocessors and battery technology, the application of wireless sensor network (WSN) has become diversified and widely used. Under the requirement of low cost, low power consumption and highly reliable devices, we present DADW (DCSI and AODV-DSRP base on Wireless Sensor Network Architecture), a wireless sensor network architecture which includes the MAC layer protocol DCSI and the NWK layer protocol AODV-DSRP. DCSI dynamically adjusts the time slots in super frame to adapt different topologies in the establishing phase of network instrument. AODV-DSRP modify the packet format, attaching the residual energy information of path device in RREP and ACK packet. By recalculating the path priority with these information before transmission, and dynamically adjusting path strategy of priority, AODV-DSRP balance the power consumption of the network device. We apply NS2 simulation platform to verify the architecture and implementation of DADW, using the embedded platform made by Texas Instruments Co. Ltd. In the future, we expect that DADW could meet the various requirements of WSN and inspirit more developments.
目次 Table of Contents
審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xv
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 相關技術分析 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章 相關研究 5
2.1 無線感測網路 5
2.1.1 通訊協定 7
2.1.2 硬體裝置 8
感測單元(Sensing Unit) 8
處理單元(Processing Unit) 9
收發單元(Transceiver Unit) 9
電力單元(Power Unit) 9
2.1.3 運作流程 10
2.2 Zigbee 協定 12
2.2.1 實體層(Physical layer) 13
2.2.2 媒體存取控制層 (Media Access Control layer) 14
載波偵測多重存取避免碰撞機制(CSMA/CA) 14
資料傳輸模式 16
超框(Superframe) 18
2.2.3 網路拓撲 20
星型拓撲(Star Topology) 20
網狀拓撲(Mesh Topology) 21
2.3 廣播方式研究與分析 22
2.3.1簡單氾濫式廣播(Simple Flooding, SF)及廣播風暴 22
2.3.2機率式廣播(Probability-based) 23
機率型演算法(Probabilistic-Based scheme, PB) 23
計數型演算法(Counter-Based scheme, CB) 23
2.3.3面積式廣播(Area-based) 24
距離型演算法(Distance-Based Scheme, DB) 24
位置型演算法(Location-Based Scheme. LB) 24
2.3.4鄰居資訊式廣播(Neighbor knowledge) 26
自我修剪氾濫型演算法(Flooding with self-prunning, FSP) 26
可變動廣播演算法(Scalable Broadcast Alogrithm, SBA) 26
2.3.5 廣播方式分析與討論 27
無線感測網路拓樸 27
簡單氾濫式在無線感測網路初始化的優缺點 27
機率式廣播在無線感測網路初始化的優缺點 28
面積式廣播在無線感測網路初始化的優缺點 29
鄰居式廣播在無線感測網路初始化的優缺點 30
整體分析 30
2.4 路由策略研究與分析 31
2.4.1 路由策略簡介 31
2.4.2 主動式路由 ( Proactive Routing ) 31
DSDV( Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing ) 32
2.4.3 回應式路由 ( On-demand Routing ) 33
DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) 33
AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing) 34
2.4.4 混合式路由 ( Hybrid Routing ) 36
ZRP ( Zone Routing ) 36
2.4.5 路由策略分析與討論 37
主動式路由策略在無線感測網路的優缺點 37
回應式路由策略在無線感測網路的優缺點 37
混合式路由策略在無線感測網路的優缺點 38
整體分析 38
第三章 應用動態競爭時槽與交換路由協定 之無線感測網路架構 39
3.1 DADW系統架構 39
3.2 DCSI 41
3.2.1建立過程(1-hop內) 41
超訊框架構 41
防止1-hop外的干擾 43
動態調整競爭時槽 44
整體流程 45
3.2.2建立過程(1-hop外) 45
下一廣播節點的指定 45
網路建立的完成 47
整體流程 48
3.2.3位址分配 50
位址分配表 50
位址分配(1-hop內) 50
位址分配(1-hop外) 52
3.3 AODV-DSRP 54
3.3.1 封包格式 55
路由請求 ( Route Request, RREQ ) 55
路由回復 ( Route Reply, RREP ) 56
路由錯誤 ( Route Error, RERR ) 56
傳送資料 ( Transmit Data, TD ) 57
低能量警示封包 ( Low Energy, LE ) 57
3.3.2 路由建立 58
鄰居表 ( Neighbor Table ) 58
路由表 ( Routing Table ) 58
路由請求 ( Route Request ) 59
路由回應(Route Reply) 62
3.3.3 資料收發 64
決定路由 64
傳輸流程 67
3.3.4 路由維護 68
第四章 實作平台與模擬平台介紹 71
4.1 實作平台 71
4.2 模擬平台 72
第五章 資料分析與探討 74
5.1 模擬分析 74
5.1.1 模擬條件 74
網路裝置資訊建立階段 74
網路路由建立及資料傳輸階段 76
5.1.2 DCSI模擬數據 77
網路建立完成時間 77
網路建立消耗能量 79
5.1.3 AODV-DSRP模擬數據 81
封包接收率 81
平均端對端延遲 82
網路完整度 83
5.2 實作分析 84
5.2.1功能簡介 84
5.2.2 主控端介面 84
5.2.3 受控端介面 85
5.2.4 實際運作 86
第六章 結論 90
參考文獻 91
參考文獻 References
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