液晶顯示器逐漸廣泛被應用於人們的生活之中，例如手提電腦、數位相機、手機等。因為液晶顯示器無法自體發光，所以必須由外部提供光源，並且利用液晶顯示器的組成元件『導光板』將光源重新作分配成為均勻的面光源，本研究即針對此元件作相關研究。

本研究主要分為兩大部份， 首先針對CCFL (Cold cathode fluorescent lamp)光源導光板部份，在其下表面處設計近年來常使用的高能量V-Cut 微結構。一般設計方法不外乎是利用複雜的數學公式或是依據底結構距離光源的遠近而呈現漸變的結構外型與非等間距的方式排列於導光板底平面上，以期能得到均勻之面光源，但此種設計極耗時間。本研究採用保持整體導光板都是以相同一組的結構幾何形狀參數與結構間的間距之V-Cut 底結構簡化方法設計在導光板底平面上，以簡化設計達到節省設計成本之目的。同時為達到消除此種底結構所導致之暗區現象，本研究將提出一種新式簡單之側邊結構來搭配以消除暗區現象。本研究提出此簡化導光板之設計有許多優點包括僅三個幾何設計參數、製造較容易、節省設計成本與防止導光板入光處發生漏光等。將此設計理念套用到7”、15”和20” CCFL 光源側光式背光模組的設計上，經由利用商業套裝軟體Light Tools 光學模擬，結果顯示可輕易設計出達到80％以上均勻度之導光板。

論文第二部份主要針對傳統網點底結構，尋找出固定全導光板的網點尺寸與網點間距即可通用於CCFL 與LED (Light emitting diode)光源導光板網點設計新概念，而且不論是使用CCFL 或LED 光源都不會發生暗區現象，所以也不需作任何側結構設計。最後將此方法應用於無擴散膜之7”、15”和20” CCFL 與7” LED 光源側光式背光模組，光學模擬結果顯示均可快速且輕易達到約90％的均勻度設計。

Liquid crystal display (LCD) has been widely used as an important human interface with typical portable devices such as notebook-type computers, digital camera and cell phones, etc. The LCD panel does not emit light spontaneously, and thus it needs a surface backlight source. The function of light guide plate (LGP) was to guide light from a light source and radiates it homogeneously from all over its output surface. In this thesis, the research object was focused on this optical component.

This thesis mainly concludes two major parts. The first part focused on the design of cold fluorescent lamp (CCFL) light source LGP. If the bottom structure of the LGP in a backlight module was made up of V-Cut micro-structures, then conventionally, the shape and spacing between any two adjacent columns of micro-structure should be designed specifically in order to obtain a more uniform illuminance distribution. It was required to apply complicated mathematics and cost a lot of time to design. In this study, a simplified bottom structure of the LGP was proposed. The considered bottom structure of the LGP was proposed to be made up of same shape high energy V-Cut micro-structures, and the spacing between any two adjacent columns of the micro-structure was also the same. The design parameters were determined by using optimization technique. Also, the LCD design time could be reduced. In order to eliminate the dark region phenomenon caused by the proposed simplified bottom structure of the LGP, a simple new type of edge structure of the LGP was proposed also. The proposed simplified LGP design concepy has many merits, such as only three design parameters needed, manufacturing easily, the design time can be reduced, and can prevent the consumption of light source energy between the gaps of CCFL and LGP. The proposed design concept was applied on the design of 7 inches, 15 inches and 20 inches of backlight module (BLM). Through the numerical simulation by utilizing commercial software Light Tools, it can be shown that more than 80% of uniformity can be easily obtained.

The second part focused on traditional dot pattern bottom structures. As the same concept mentioned in the first part, the proposed dot pattern was made up of same geometrival shape of dots, and the spacing between any two adjacent columns of the dots was also the same. The design parameters were determined by using optimization technique. The
proposed design concept of the dot patten distribution can be applied on the design of LGP with either LED or CCFL light source. Also, the dark phenomenon did not occur, and so the corresponding edge structure did not need either. The proposed design concept was applied on the design of 7 inches, 15 inches and 20 inches of BLM with CCFL light source and on the design of 7 inches of BLM with LED light sources. The optical simulation results showed that about 90% of uniformity can be easily obtained.

目 錄........................................................................................ I
表目錄................................................................................... IV
圖目錄................................................................................... VI
摘 要......................................................................................XII
Abstract ............................................................................. XIV

第一章 緒論............................................................................1
1.1 前言..................................................................................1
1.2 背光模組產業分析與趨勢..............................................2
1.3 背光模組之組成元件介紹............................................. 3
1.3.1 反射板...........................................................................3
1.3.2 導光板...........................................................................4
1.3.3 擴散膜...........................................................................5
1.3.4 增亮膜...........................................................................5
1.3.5 光源...............................................................................6
1.4 導光板的製程方法......................................................... 8
1.5 導光板的光學設計方法................................................. 9
1.6 文獻回顧....................................................................... 12
1.6.1 消除暗區現象............................................................12
1.6.2 底網點與微結構建構與設計....................................14
1.6.3 反射板設計................................................................17
1.6.4 整合型導光板............................................................18
1.6.5 其他相關研究............................................................18
1.7 研究目的....................................................................... 19
1.8 論文架構....................................................................... 21

第二章 基礎理論.................................................................32
2.1 Maxwell 方程式............................................................32
2.2 Fresnel 方程式.............................................................35
2.3 Eikonal 方程式.............................................................37
2.4 Ray 方程式....................................................................38
2.5 郎伯遜散射....................................................................39
2.5.1 郎伯遜餘弦定律........................................................39
2.5.2 朗伯遜表面................................................................40
2.6 光學基本觀念................................................................41
2.6.1 反射定律....................................................................41
2.6.2 全反射........................................................................42
2.6.3 折射定律....................................................................42
2.6.4 透射............................................................................43
2.6.5 吸收............................................................................43
2.6.6 散射............................................................................44
2.7 輻射計量與光度計量....................................................45
2.7.1 輻射計量....................................................................45
2.7.2 光度計量....................................................................46
2.7.3 輻射計量與光度計量的符號和單位........................48
2.8 光學模擬軟體................................................................48
2.8.1 背光模組設定............................................................49
2.8.2 蒙地卡羅方法............................................................51

第三章 研究方法.................................................................58
3.1 建構光學模擬背光模組................................................58
3.1.1 CCFL 光源背光模組.................................................59
3.1.2 LED 光源背光模組...................................................60
3.1.3 模擬光線數與分割面板數量....................................61
3.2 選定底結構...................................................................63
3.2.1 CCFL 光源導光板底結構.........................................63
3.2.2 LED 光源導光板底結構...........................................65
3.3 增添各式CCFL 光源導光板側結構............................68
3.4 新均勻度量測法............................................................73

第四章 結果與討論.............................................................93
4.1 V-Cut 底結構應用於CCFL 光源導光板結果.............93
4.2 增添各式CCFL 光源導光板側結構消除暗區現象結果..........................................................................................96
4.3 橢圓網點分佈法應用與結果.....................................104
4.4 背光模組整合型設計結果與比較.............................112

第五章 結論與未來展望...................................................154
5.1 結論.............................................................................154
5.2 未來展望.....................................................................155

參考文獻............................................................................157

VITA...................................................................................163

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