利用擴散偶方法研究Ti-Co-Pd三元相圖，相較於傳統相圖研究方法而言，不但可減少大量熱處理所花費的時間，亦可節省下許多金錢與資源，同時使用少量的合金試片來驗證實驗結果，以提升研究結果的可信度。
鈦合金擁有相當優秀的機械性質、熱性質以及生物相容性，在航天材料與生醫材料等先端領域中，持續受到研究與應用，同樣的，鈷合金擁有良好的機械性質與耐高溫性；鈀擁有良好的延展性與可塑性，兩者亦作為航天材料與生醫材料領域而受到研究與應用，因此，本實驗希望透過研究Ti-Co-Pd三元系統，充實此三元系統資料，以供未來相關研究之參考。
本實驗以擴散偶方法與特定合金點方法製作試片，並以EPMA來分析相組成，界定出各二元介金屬相之固溶度，以及三元介金屬相Ti2Co3Pd3之成分範圍：Ti：23.09at%~27.49at%、Co：27.55at%~47.87at%、Pd：26.08at%~42.96at%，並量測出相圖中的十一個三相平衡區，完成Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖。
本實驗完成之Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖與文獻相比較，修正了八個二元介金屬相: Ti2Pd3相、Ti3Pd5相、αTiPd2相、TiPd3相、γ(TiPd4)相、Ti2Co相、TiCo2(h)相、TiCo3相之固溶度，並由本實驗可以觀察到TiCo2-Ti(Co,Pd)-TiPd2、Ti(Co,Pd)-TiCo2(h)-Ti2Co3Pd3、TiPd3-αTiPd2-Ti(Co,Pd)、Ti2Co3Pd3-(Co,Pd)-TiCo3、βTi-Ti2Co-Ti2Pd等五個三相平衡區，以及二十個兩相平衡區。

Titanium alloy has excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and biocompatibility, it has been applied as aerospace materials and biomaterials. The adding of cobalt and palladium elements may improve the ductility and plasticity. The study of Ti-Co-Pd ternary phase diagram could provide the information of titanium alloy design.

In this study, both the diffusion couple and the equilibrated alloys methods are applied to determine the Ti-Co-Pd 800℃isothermal phase diagram. The specimens were prepared by an electric arc furnace. then seal in a vacuum quartz tube, after high temperature heat treatment and metallurgical treatment, using electronic micro-finder (EPMA) to analysis the equilibrium phase composition.

There are eleven three-phase equilibrium determined in this study. In comparison with the previous study, there are five different three-phase equilibrium as, TiCo2-Ti(Co,Pd)-TiPd2, Ti(Co,Pd)-TiCo2(h)-Ti2Co3Pd3, TiPd3-αTiPd2-Ti(Co,Pd) ,Ti2Co3Pd3-(Co,Pd)-TiCo3,βTi-Ti2Co-Ti2Pd observed in this study. The composition range of a ternary phase Ti2Co3Pd3: Ti: 23.09 at. % ~ 27.49at.%, Co: 27.55at.% ~ 47.87at.%, Pd: 26.08at.% ~ 42.96at.%, is also included.

目錄
論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
一、前言 1
1.1.研究背景 1
1.2.研究動機：Ti-Co-Pd三元系統 2
二、文獻回顧 3
2.1.擴散 3
2-2.Co-Ti 二元系統相平衡圖 5
2.3.Co-Pd二元系統相平衡圖 7
2.4.Pd- Ti二元系統相平衡圖 7
2.5.Pd-Ti-Co三元系統相平衡圖 10
三、實驗方法 11
四、結果 15
4.1. Ti-CoxPd100-x擴散偶實驗結果 15
4.1.1.D1：Ti-Co90Pd10擴散偶 15
4.1.2 D2：Ti-Co75Pd25擴散偶 15
4.1.3. D3：Ti-Co60Pd40擴散偶 16
4.1.4. D4：Ti-Co50Pd50擴散偶 16
4.1.5. D5：Ti-Co40Pd60擴散偶 16
4.1.6. D6：Ti-Co25Pd75擴散偶 17
4.1.7. D7：Ti-Co10Pd90擴散偶 17
4.2.TixCoyPd100-x-y三元合金相平衡研究 17
五、討論 21
5.1.擴散偶之擴散路徑模式討論 21
5.1.1. D1：Co90Pd10-Ti擴散偶 21
5.1.2.D2：Co75Pd25-Ti擴散偶 21
5.1.3.D3：Co60Pd40-Ti擴散偶 21
5.1.4. D4：Co50Pd50-Ti擴散偶 22
5.1.6. D6：Co25Pd75-Ti擴散偶 23
5.1.7. D7：Co10Pd90-Ti擴散偶 23
5.2.介金屬相之固溶度討論 24
5.2.1. Ti2Pd相固溶度 24
5.2.2.βTiPd相固溶度 24
5.2.3. Ti2Pd3相固溶度 24
5.2.4. Ti3Pd5相固溶度 24
5.2.5.αTiPd2相固溶度 24
5.2.6.TiPd3相固溶度 25
5.2.7.γ(TiPd4)相固溶度 25
5.2.8.Ti2Co相固溶度 25
5.2.9.TiCo2(h)相固溶度 25
5.2.10.TiCo3相固溶度 25
5.3.三元介金屬相討論 26
六、結論 27
七、參考文獻 29

 
表目錄
表2.1. Co-Pd-Ti介金屬相的晶體結構 32
表4.3. D2：Ti-Co75Pd25擴散偶相成分表 35
表4.4. D3：Ti-Co60Pd40擴散偶相成分表 36
表4.5. D4：Ti-Co50Pd50擴散偶相成分表 37
表4.6. D5：Ti-Co40Pd60擴散偶相成分表 38
表4.7. D6：Ti-Co25Pd75擴散偶相成分表 39
表4.8. D7：Ti-Co10Pd90擴散偶相成分表 40
表4.9.TixCoyPd100-x-y三元合金相平衡成分表 42
 
圖目錄
圖2.1.A-B-C等溫平衡反應相圖及擴散路徑 43
圖2.2.Co-Ti 二元系統相平衡圖 43
圖2.3.Co-Pd 二元系統相平衡圖 44
圖2.4.Pd-Ti 二元系統相平衡圖[ 44
圖2.5.Co-Pd-Ti 三元系統800℃相平衡圖 45
圖3.1.擴散偶模具示意圖 45
圖4.1. D1：Ti-Co90Pd10擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 46
圖4.2. D2：Ti-Co75Pd25擴散偶之1800X顯微組織 46
圖4.3. D3：Ti-Co60Pd40擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 47
圖4.4. D4：Ti-Co50Pd50擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 47
圖4.5. D5：Ti-Co40Pd60擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 48
圖4.6. D6：Ti-Co25Pd75擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 48
圖4.7. D7：Ti-Co10Pd90擴散偶之BEI顯微組織 49
圖4.8. A1：合金試片Ti78Co17Pd5之SEI顯微組織 49
圖4.9. A2：合金試片Ti62Co12Pd22之BEI顯微組織 50
圖4.10. A3：合金試片Ti35Co25Pd40之BEI顯微組織 50
圖4.11. A4：合金試片Ti35Co40Pd25之BEI顯微組織 51
圖4.12. A5：合金試片 Ti35Co60Pd5之BEI顯微組織 51
圖4.13. A6：合金試片Ti30Co25Pd45之BEI顯微組織 52
圖4.14. A7：合金試片Ti20Co58Pd22之BEI顯微組織 52
圖4.15. A8：合金試片Ti18Co40Pd42之BEI顯微組織 53
圖4.16. A9：合金試片Ti10Co25Pd65之BEI顯微組織 53
圖4.17. A10：合金試片Ti10Co55Pd35之BEI顯微組織與 54
圖6.1.Ti-Co-Pd擴散路徑圖 55
圖6.2.Ti-Co-Pd平衡相層相成分與特定合金試片比對圖 55
圖6.3.Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖 56
圖6.4.Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖與擴散偶試片、特定合金點試片之比對 56
圖6.5.Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖中特定合金點試片成分位置 57
圖6.6.Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖中特定合金點試片成分位置與其相平衡 57
圖6.7.Ti-Co-Pd 800℃平衡相圖與文獻中相圖之比對 58

[1].A. A. Kodentsov, G. F. Bastin and F.J.J van Loo, ”The diffusion couple technique in phase diagram determination “, Alloy Compd., Vol. 320, no. 2, pp. 207-217, 2001.

[2].N. Schiff, B. Grosgogeat and M. Lissac, “Influence of fluoride content and pH on the corrosion resistance of titanium and its alloys”, Francis Dalard. Biomaterials, Vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1995-2002, 2002.

[3].J. Lunsford, L. Richardson and N. J. Grant, “Research on creep structure characteristics of titanium and its alloys”, 1954.

[4].F. R. Morral, L. Habraken, D. Coutsouradis, J. M. Drapier and M. Urbain, “Cobalt superalloys. i. microstructure of cobalt-base high-temperature alloys”, 1969.

[5].S. H. Goods and S. E. Guthrie, “Mechanical properties of palladium and palladium hydride”, Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 561-566, 1992.

[6].I. Shohji, Y. Saitoh, N. Nemoto, T. Nakagawa, N.i Ebihara and F. Iwase, “Effect of Impurities of Au and Pd on Tensile Properties of Eutectic Sn-Pb Solder for Aerospace Applications”, Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging, Vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 29-34, 2009.

[7].R. L. Dreshfield, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of a low-cobalt wrought superalloy”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance - J Mater Eng Perform, Vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 517-522, 1993.

[8].P. Tengvall and I. Lundstrom, “Physicochemical considerations of titanium as a biomaterial”, Clinical Materials, Vol. 9, pp. 115-134, 1992.
[9]. M. Long and H. J Rack , “Titanium alloys in total joint replacement—a materials science perspective’ Biomaterials, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1621-1639, 1998.

[10].R. D. Santis, F. Mollica, F. Zarone, L. Ambrosio and L. Nicolais, “Biomechanical effects of titanium implants with full arch bridge rehabilitation on a synthetic model of the human jaw”, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 121-126, 2007.

[11].R. Müller, J. Abke, E.Schnell, D. Scharnweber, R.Kujat, C. Englert, D. Taheri, M. Nerlich and P. Angele, “Influence of surface pretreatment of titanium- and cobalt-based biomaterials on covalent immobilization of fibrillar collagen”, Biomaterials , Vol. 27, no. 22, pp. 4059-4068, 2006.

[12].S. Patntirapong, P. Habibovic and P. V. Hauschka, “Effects of soluble cobalt and cobalt incorporated into calcium phosphate layers on osteoclast differentiation and activation”, Biomaterials , Vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 548-555, 2009.

[13].Biggs.T,S.S.Taylor and E.Van Der Lingen, “The Hardening of Platinum Alloys for Potential Jewellery Application”, Platinum Metals Review, Vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 2-15, 2005.

[14].F. F. Buechel, D. Drucker, M. Jasty, W. Jiranek and W.H. Harris, “Osteolysis Around Uncemented Acetabular Components of Cobalt-Chrome Surface Replacement Hip Arthroplasty”,b Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. &NA, no. 298, 1994.

[15].J.S.Kirkaldy, L.C.Brown and Can.Metall.Quart., Vol. 2, pp. 89-117, 1963.

[16].J. B. Clark ,Trans.Met.Soc.AIME, Vol. 227, pp. 1250, 1963.

[17].J. L. Murray, ”The Co-Ti(Cobalt-Titanium) System”, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol. 3, pp. 74-85, 1962.


[18].K.Ishika and T.Nishizawa, ”The Co-Pd(Cobalt-Palladim) System”, Journal of Phase Equilibria, Vol. 12, pp. 84-87, 1991.

[19]H.Okamoto, Journal of Phase Equilibria, Vol. 34, pp. 74-75, 2013.

[20]D. M. Gergaulova, M. V. Raevskaya and A. L. Tatarkina ,”Isothermal cross section of the palladium-titanium-cobalt system at 800℃”, Chem. Bull., Vol. 47, pp. 66-69, 1992.