含氯有機溶劑廣泛應用於工業製程中電子零件清洗、脫脂及乾洗等，但處理
不當便造成土壤及地下水污染，其屬於重質非水相溶液污染物(dense non-aqueous
phase liquid, DNAPL)在土壤與地下水中最常見之 DNAPL 含氯有機溶劑，其中 1,2-
二氯乙烷(1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-DCA)是具代表性之含氯有機溶劑之一。目前對於
受含氯有機物污染之土壤及地下水場址常利用加強式生物整治(enhanced
bioremediation)技術，此技術主要將生物可利用基質注入土壤及地下水中，藉此刺
激現地微生物生長並營造適合厭氧還原脫氯菌群，提升污染整治成效。因此，本
研究目的以複合型碳源基質加強 1,2-二氯乙烷之厭氧降解成效，利用自行研發之
BS-1 與國外市售 C-Mix 兩種複合性碳源基質，進行加強式生物整治受氯化有機物
1,2-二氯乙烷污染場址，比較其含氯有機物降解效果，並以降解效果較佳之基質進
行管柱試驗，此外，於過程中監測地下水環境參數以及菌相之變化。在厭氧批次
試驗結果顯示，添加 BS-1 基質(B 組)與 C-Mix(M 組)基質能迅速達到厭氧還原狀
態，其總有機碳可提供微生物營養鹽。B 組在 93 天的批次試驗中，pH 穩定維持在
微生物最適生長條件(6.5-7.5 之間)，並能有效降解氯化有機物 1,2-二氯乙烷污染(去
除率達 99%)﹔M 組監測初期 pH 值酸化之情形，在實驗期間 1,2-二氯乙烷之降解
效果較 B 組緩慢。管柱試驗結果，注入 BS-1 基質之管柱 1,2-二氯乙烷能有效降解
至 0.1 mg/L，監測至第 8 天時，下游管柱 3 其 1,2-二氯乙烷濃度降解至低於法規標
準濃度 0.05 mg/L(其管柱初始濃度為 136 mg/L，流速 0.1 L/day)。B 組在厭氧批次
試 驗 生 物 多 樣 性 分 析 結 果 發 現 厭 氧 產 氫 菌 Clostridium sp. 及 Uncultured
Desulfitobacterium sp. clone E15 bac ， 硫酸鹽還原 (sulfate reduction) 菌 種
Sulfate-reducing bacterium LZK1、Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans strain JS1、Delta
proteobacterium K2-52、Desulfovibrio sp. SKKL8。本研究顯示利用 BS-1 基質作為
加強式生物整治能有效提高降解效率，此外亦可使現地微生物大量生長，BS-1 基
質不會造成地下水酸化，且可供應現地微生物生長之營養鹽降解目標污染物，並
符合綠色整治減少二次污染，本研究之效果以提供未來相關整治場址之參考依據。

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are frequently found as contaminants
of soil and groundwater as a result of their widespread use in various industrial
processes and improper disposal methods. When they are released into the subsurface,
they tend to adsorb onto the soils and cause the appearance of DNAPL
(dense-non-aqueous phase liquid) pool. The 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA or EDC) has
been shown on induces hepatocellular carcinogens in mice and is a human carcinogen.
Application of in situ anaerobic bioremediation is a feasible technology to remediate
DNAPL site. In situ anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated compounds (e.g.,
1,2-DCA) requires the injection of primary substrates to enhance the reductive
dechlorination process of chlorinated compounds. In this study, 1,2-DCA was used as
the target compound. The main objective was to compare the effectiveness of using
BS-1 (brand name) (developed for continuous carbon release) and commercially
available substrate C-Mix (brand name) (a carbon-substrate complex) on 1,2-DCA
dechlorination under anaerobic conditions. Results from the microcosm study show that
the pH in microcosms with BS-1 supplement remained in neutral (in the range from 6.5
to 7) throughout the experiment (93 days of operation). Approximately 99% of
1,2-DCA could be removed when BS-1 was added in the system. However, in
microcosms using C-Mix as the primary substrate, significant pH drop was observed.
Results from the column experiment show that 1,2-DCA can be degraded to below 0.05
mg/L (with initial concentration of 136 mg/L, flow rate of 0.1 L/day, and detention time
of 8 days) with the addition of BS-1 as the substrate. Results of the microbial diversity
analyses for the BS-1 microcosm show that the following bacteria were observed:
hydrogen-producing bacteria Clostridium sp., uncultured Desulfitobacterium sp. Clone
E15 bac, sulfate reduction species Sulfate-reducing bacterium LZK1, Desulfovibrio
psychrotolerans strain JS1, Delta proteobacterium K2-52, and Desulfovibrio sp.
SKKL8. Results from his study demonstrate that BS-1 can serve as the primary
substrate to enhance the reductive dechlorination of 1,2-DCA effectively.

誌謝...................................................................................................................................i
摘要..................................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... iii
目錄................................................................................................................................ iv
圖目錄...........................................................................................................................vii
表目錄............................................................................................................................ ix
第一章 前言.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究緣起 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的 ......................................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................................................ 3
2.1 含氯碳氫化合物污染概況 ............................................................................. 3
2.1.1 含氯碳氫化合物之污染概況 ................................................................. 3
2.1.2 1,2-二氯乙烷之性質與管制標準............................................................ 7
2.1.3 1,2-二氯乙烷之傳輸行為與機制...........................................................11
2.2 土壤與地下水整治技術............................................................................... 13
2.2.1 地下水生物整治技術 ........................................................................... 15
2.2.2 綠色整治技術 ....................................................................................... 17
2.3 目標污染物 1,2-二氯乙烷降解機制............................................................ 20
2.3.1 1,2-二氯乙烷之好氧生物分解.............................................................. 20
2.3.2 1,2-二氯乙烷之厭氧生物分解.............................................................. 21
2.4 利用各種碳源做為厭氧還原脫氯作用之探討........................................... 23
2.5 以生物整治工法有效控制地下水 PH 值 .................................................... 26
V
2.6 分子生物技術應用於地下水整治 ............................................................... 29
第三章 實驗設備與方法.............................................................................................. 31
3.1 研究架構流程圖........................................................................................... 31
3.2 實驗設計....................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1 前導試驗 ................................................................................................ 32
3.2.2 批次試驗 ............................................................................................... 32
3.2.3 管柱實驗 ............................................................................................... 34
3.3 實驗材料與設備........................................................................................... 35
3.3.1 實驗試藥 ............................................................................................... 35
3.3.2 實驗儀器與設備 ................................................................................... 35
3.3.3 供試之土壤、地下水及污泥來源 ....................................................... 36
3.3.4 供試之基質來源 ................................................................................... 37
3.4 實驗分析方法............................................................................................... 38
3.4.1 水質分析 ............................................................................................... 38
3.5 分子生物技術............................................................................................... 41
3.5.1 微生物之 DNA 萃取............................................................................. 41
3.5.2 聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) ........................... 42
3.5.3 DNA 純化............................................................................................... 43
3.5.4 變性梯度膠體電泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE).. 44
第四章 結果與討論...................................................................................................... 46
4.1 流通性試驗 ................................................................................................... 46
4.1.1 穩定性試驗 ............................................................................................ 48
4.2 酸化試驗....................................................................................................... 50
4.3 厭氧微生物批次試驗 ................................................................................... 53
4.3.1 pH 與鹼度............................................................................................... 53
VI
4.3.2 溶氧與氧化還原電位 ............................................................................ 55
4.3.3 硫酸鹽與硫化物 .................................................................................... 57
4.3.4 總有機碳與 1,2-二氯乙烷..................................................................... 59
4.3.5 甲烷與乙烯 ............................................................................................ 62
4.4 厭氧批次試驗菌相分析結果....................................................................... 64
4.4.1 變性梯度膠體電泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE) . 64
4.4.2 批次實驗之菌種鑑定 ........................................................................... 66
4.5 管柱污染物降解試驗 ................................................................................... 72
4.5.1 水質參數(pH 值、氧化還原電位及導電度)........................................ 73
4.5.2 總有機碳、總生菌數、1,2-二氯乙烷及甲烷...................................... 76
4.5.3 硫酸鹽及硫化物 .................................................................................... 79
4.5.4 總鐵及亞鐵 ............................................................................................ 81
第五章 結論與建議...................................................................................................... 83
5.1 結論 ............................................................................................................... 83
5.2 建議 ............................................................................................................... 85
參考文獻........................................................................................................................ 86

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