過去居住在同一地區的人，常集結相同的需求經由集體購買，來達到降低售價的目的。但這種集結相同需求的力量常受地理的限制，而降低了的議價能力。網際網路的興起，大大加強了聯絡協調的能力。因此，目前已經有許多網站提供消費者群體採購的機制，但所提供的機制存在許多的缺點。本研究主要目的要在探索各種可能群體採購的模式，並提出以群體採購為主的網路中間商系統應有的架構。依供應商數量與商品種類數量之不同，共提出六種不同的群體採購模式，分別為單項合購_價格接受、單項合購_自由定價、搭售商品合購、多項商品合購、單項合購招標、多項合購招標。在研究中以有限狀態機分別說明各種不同群體採購模式之交易流程，並詳細說明其演算法。再根據這六種群體採購模式，並參考中間商功能，說明群體採購中間商整體運作所需要的功能，並據以提出群體採購中間商系統應有的架構。最後，根據所提出的系統架構開發雛形系統來說明各種群體採購的系統運作模式。

With the development of the Internet, people can communicate with each other much more easily. Consumers with similar needs can conduct a collective purchase with potential suppliers by the Internet. Currently, there are many web sites providing collective purchasing for consumers. However, these collective purchasing functions have not fully taken the advantages of the Internet for either consumers or suppliers.Therefore, the first purpose of this research is to explore the possible online collective purchasing models. Based on the number of suppliers and the number of products, six collective purchasing models and related algorithms have been proposed. Further, a comprehensive cybermediary system architecture for collective purchasing was described. Finally, a prototype is built to demonstrate how these collective purchasing models work.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究範圍與限制 3
第四節 研究架構 3
第五節 研究程序 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 中間商的功能 6
一 、中間商的重要性 6
二 、中間商在交易流程的功能 9
第二節 網路虛擬社群 11
一 、虛擬社群的好處與分類 11
二 、虛擬社群的經營與管理 13
第三節 談判、議價與拍賣相關文獻 14
一 、談判的定義 15
二 、談判支援系統的基礎理論模式 16
三 、議價 20
四 、拍賣 21
五 、拍賣的類型 22
第四節 智慧代理人相關文獻探討 24
一 、智慧代理人定義與特性 24
二 、智慧代理人的分類 26
三 、Multi-Agents 27
第五節 網站觀察 29
一 、國內 30
二 、國外 32
第三章 群體採購中間商系統功能與架構 36
第一節 群體採購模式 36
一 、單項合購_價格接受 38
二 、單項合購_自由定價 40
三 、搭售商品合購 42
四 、多項商品合購 44
五 、單項合購招標 47
六 、多項合購招標 49
第二節 群體採購中間商機制與功能 52
第三節 群體採購中間商架構與運作流程 54
第四節 代理人功能描述 55
一 、註冊登入代理人 55
二 、招募代理人 56
三 、產品搜尋代理人 56
四 、產品登錄代理人 57
五 、交易代理人 57
六 、成交執行代理人 57
七 、個人化服務代理人 57
第四章 雛形系統 59
第一節 雛形系統之架構與開發 59
一 、雛形系統架構 59
二 、開發系統使用技術 61
第二節 雛形系統之議價模型與實例 62
一 、單項合購_價格接受系統實例 62
二 、單價合購_自由定價系統實例 65
三 、搭售商品合購系統實例 69
四 、多項商品合購系統實例 72
五 、單項合購招標系統實例 75
六 、多項合購招標系統實例 79
第五章 結論與建議 83
第一節 研究成果 83
第二節 研究貢獻 83
第三節 對系統開發與後續研究的建議 84
參考文獻 85

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