Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0723106-222952 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0723106-222952
論文名稱
Title
國高中英文單字頻率與單字教學之探討
A Study on Vocabulary Frequency and VOcabulary Teaching in Junior and Senior High Schools
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
114
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-06-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-07-23
關鍵字
Keywords
教學、單字頻率
Vocabulary frequency, teaching
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5736 次,被下載 14
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5736 times, has been downloaded 14 times.
中文摘要
目前高雄市的高級中學所使用的英語教科書.共有遠東.三民.龍騰三個版本.而國中的部分有康軒, 南一, 朗文, 翰林, 何嘉仁, 合聲六個版本.本研究希望藉由使用高照明老師的單字頻率測量系統來檢驗國高中英語教科書的單字編排是否連貫.而國中的部分選出最常使用的康軒.南一.翰林三版本為代表.此外.透過前後兩次對於老師訪談談來了解目前中學的實際單字教學情形.結果顯示出國高中的單字編排是相互銜接的.此結果與學生的滿意度.教師的認知及一般普遍性的觀念有所出入.而在訪談的部分單字教學的方法也因為受到教科書的編排.教師本身以及教學行政的影響而產生的一些限制.本研究對於上述之現象作進一步知探討.以期能對於未來的單字教學和教科書編排提供一些新的想法及建議.
Abstract
Ever since the Ministry of Education handed down the policy “One guiding principle, different versions,” criticizing voices had emerged from everywhere. Parents, teachers, and students all had something to say. What has gone wrong with the education reformation previously claiming to take our children to a better place? Thanks to my current part-time job, I soon learned that there seemed to be existing a noticeable gap between the vocabulary taught in junior high school and senior high schools. Also, vocabulary teaching methods adopted in different school levels might as well take place as pivotal element and lower students’ learning efficiency.
There are presently eighteen senior high schools, public or private, in the Kaohsiung city and three versions(三民, 遠東, 龍騰) of English text books are used in these schools. The situation, however, in junior high schools is a bit more complex because six different versions(康軒, 南一, 朗文, 翰林, 何嘉仁, 合聲) are randomly selected from semester to semester simply based on the opinions of teachers in charge of different grades. Knowing how the teaching materials are selected, I decided to conduct a research by choosing three most frequently used versions of English textbooks from both junior high and senior high schools and to, based on Dr. Gao(高照明)’s word-frequency-checking program, figure out that into which levels the vocabulary taught at two levels falls. The study is, furthermore, attached with two sets of interviews aiming at junior and senior high school teachers and a questionnaire directing to students of both levels with the purpose of a better understanding of the authentic EVT situations in the academic environment. Contrary to the common perception, that there is a vocabulary gap between the two high school levels, the figures surprisingly show us that the junior and senior high English textbooks are very much consecutive on vocabulary. This result reveals one fact that even the vocabulary is consecutively compiled, all of the efforts will still be in futility if the time given to students to absorb new knowledge isn’t enough. As for the interview section, almost all of the interviewees agreed that the conception to emphasize “word frequency” is rather critical in vocabulary learning. Nonetheless, other factors such as time limit and personal background also get involved to influence the expected goal. The researcher, by means of the gained data, tried to set forth the outcome and come up with a solution hoping to provide the English learners a sounder set of learning tools and the relevant authorities an alternative of selecting textbooks while promising our people a “consecutive” academic curriculum.
目次 Table of Contents
Abstract 1
Chapter One INTRODUCTION 3
Background and Motivation 3
Coherence in Vocabulary in Junior and Senior High School Textbooks & Importance of word frequency 4
Problems of current vocabulary teaching methods 6
Research Questions 7
Research Design 8
Significance of the study 10
Definition of Terms 11
Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW 12
Aspect of Vocabulary Learning 12
The Importance of Vocabulary in Language Learning 12
Vocabulary Size 15
Word Frequency 17
Handling high-frequency words 18
Handling low-frequency words 19
Knowing a Word 20
Textbook and Vocabulary 23
Presenting Vocabulary in Textbooks 25
Vocabulary Teaching 26
Historical Evolvement in the Teaching of Vocabulary 26
The Importance of Vocabulary Teaching 28
General Principles for Effective Vocabulary Teaching 29
Teaching Vocabulary Learning Strategies 32
Word Part Analysis 33
The Acoustic Method 35
The Pictorial Method 36
The Keyword Method 38
Dictionary Use 40
Teaching Practice in Taiwan 42
Chapter Three METHOD 45
Research Design 45
Instruments 46
Textbooks 47
Gao’s Word Counting Program 49
First Interview 50
Second Interview 50
Questionnaire 51
Statistical Analysis 52
Subjects 53
Interview 53
Questionnaire 55
Pilot Study 55
Data Collection 56
Questionnaire 56
Interview 57
Validity and Reliability 58
Validity 58
Reliability 60
Chapter Four RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 61
Textbook Analysis 61
Questionnaire Analysis 64
Part 1 64
Part 2 64
Part 3 68
Differences Between The Two Groups 73
First Interview 75
Part 1: Teaching Materials 76
Part 2: Vocabulary Teaching 79
Second Interview 85
Chapter Five CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 88
Conclusion and Further Discussion 88
Vocabulary compilation in the textbooks of the two levels 88
Student Questionnaire 89
Teacher interview 91
Pedagogical Implications 94
Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research 97
References 100
Appendix A 107
Appendix B 109
參考文獻 References
Alvernann, D.E.,& Phelps, S. F. (1998). Content reading and literacy (2ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Angelis, P. (1974). Listening comprehension and error analysis. In G. Nickle (Eds.), The proceedings of the Third International Congress of Applied Linguistics, Coprnhagen (pp.1-11). Heidelberg, Germany: Julius Groos Verlag.
Bamford, J. (1984). Extensive reading by means of graded readers. Reading in a Foreign Language, 2(2), 218-260.
Baxter, J. (1980). The dictionary and vocabulary behavior: A single word or a handful? TESOL Quarterly, 14, 325-336.
Bureau of Education Research Monographs.
Candlin, C. N. (1990). General editor’s preface. In L. Taylor, Teaching and learning vocabulary (p. ix). London: Prentice Hall.
Carter, R. (1989). Vocabulary, cloze and discourse: An applied linguistic view. In R. Carter & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary and language teaching (3rd ed.) (pp. 161-180). New York: Longman.
Chall, J. (1958). Readability: An appraisal of research and application. Ohio State
Chang, C. K. (1990). How I learned English. Taipei, Taiwan: Bookman Books.
Chen, H. J.(1999). How many words do they know? Assessing Taiwanese college EFL students’ receptive and productive Vocabularies. The proceeding s on the sixteenth conference English teaching and learning in Republic of China (pp. 83-95). Taipei, Taiwan: Crane.
Cheng, C.C. (1999). Learning words with many texts. In Y. S. Chuang and H. H. Kao (Eds.), The proceedings of the first international conference on multimedia language education (pp. 1-12). Taipei, Taiwan: Crane.
Chuang, Y. S. (1999). Corpus analysis of the vocabulary in the junior and senior school students’ English textbooks and writing in Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan: Crane.
Coady, J. (1993). Research on ESL/SFL vocabulary acquisition: Putting it in context. In T. Huckin, M. Haynes, & J. Coady (Eds.), Second language reading and vocabulary learning (pp. 3-23). Norwood, NJ: Albex.
Crystal, D. (1995). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Oxford: Heinemann.
Dubin, F., & Olsbtain, E.(1986). Course design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fox, L. (1987). On acquiring an adequate second language vocabulary. In M. H. Long & J. C. Richards (Eds.), Methodology in TESOL: A book of reading. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Freebody, P., & Anderson, R. C.(1983).Effects on text comprehension of different proportions and locations of difficult vocabulary. Journal or Reading Behavior, 15, 19-39.
Fries, C. C.(1945). Teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Gorman, T. P. (1979). Teaching reading at the advanced level. In M. Celce-Murcia and L. McIntosh (Eds.), Teaching English as a second language or foreign language (pp. 154-162). Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers.
Grab, W. (1991). Current developments in second language reading research. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 375-406.
Harmer, J. 1991. The practice of English language teaching. Second Edition. London: Longman.
Huang, T. L. (1997). The necessity of reinforcing vocabulary teaching. In The proceedings of the sixth conference on English teaching and learning in Republic of China (pp. 83-95). Taipei, Taiwan: Crane.
Kelly, P. (1991). Lexical ignorance: The main obstacle to listening comprehension with advanced foreign language learners. IRAL, 29(2), 134-139.
King, J. (1989). A guide to English composition and translation. Taipei, Taiwan: Crane.
Klare, G. R. (1984). Readability. In P. D. Person (Ed.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 681-744). New York: Longman.
Knight, S. (1994). Dictionary use while reading: The effects on comprehension and vocabulary acquisition for students of different verbal abilities. The Modern Language Journal, 78, 285-299.
Koursogo, P. (1993). Language learning strategies in input-poor environments. System, 21, 165-173.
Krashen, S. (1989). We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 24, 237-270.
Krashen, S. D., & T. D. Terrell. (1983). The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom. Oxord: Pergamon.
Laufer, B. (1986). Possible changes in attitude towards vocabulary acquisition research. IRAL, 24(1), 69-75.
Laufer, B., & Ntion, I. S. P. (1999). A vocabulary-size test of controlled productive aility. Language Testing, 16(1), 33-51.
Luppescu, S., & Day, R. R. (1993). Reading, dictionaries, and vocabulary learning. Language Learning, 43, 263-287.
Maiguashca, R. U. (1993). Teaching and learning vocabulary in second language: Past, present, and future directions. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 50(1), 83-100.
Marks, C. B., Doctorow, M. J., & Wittrock, M.C. (1974). Word frequency and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Research 67(6), 259-262.
McKeown, M., Beck, I., Omanson, R., & Pople, M. (1985). Some effects of the nature and frequency of vocabulary instruction on the knowledge and use of words. Reading Research Quarterly, 20,522-535.
Miller, G. A., & Gilda, P. M. (1991). How children learn words. In William S-Y Wang (Ed.), The emergence of language development and evolution (pp. 150-158). New York: W. H. Freeman.
Nagy, W. E. & Anderson, R. C. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly, 19(3), 304-330.
Nagy, W. E. (1989). Morphological families in the internal lexicon. Reading Research Quarterly, 24(3), 262-281.
Nation, I. S. P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Nation, I. S. P. (1993). Vocabulary size, growth, and use. In R. Schreuder & B. Weltens (Eds.), The bilingual lexicon (pp. 115-134). Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Nation, I. S. P. (2000). Learning vocabulary in lexical sets: Dangers and guidelines.
Nation, I. S. P., & Waring, R. (1997). Vocabulary size, text coverage and word lists. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition, and pedagogy (pp.6-19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Read, J. (2000). Assessing vocabulary. Canbridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richard, J. C. (1976). The role of vocabulary teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 10(1), 77-89.
Sokmen, A.J. (1997). Current tends in teaching second language vocabulary. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition, and pedagogy (pp.237-257). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stahl, S., & Fairbanks, M. (1986). The effects of vocabulary instruction. A model-based meta-analysis. Review of Education Research, 56, 72-100.
Stoller, F. & Grabe, W. (1993). Implications for L2 vocabulary acquisition and instruction from L1 vocabulary research. In T. Huckin, M. Haynes, & J. Coady (Eds.), Second language reading and vocabulary learning (pp. 24-45). Norwood, NJ: Albex.
Swanborn, M. & de Glopper, K. (1999). Incidental word learning while reading: a meta-analysis, Review of Educational Research, 69, 261-285.
TESOL Journal, 9(2), 6-10.
Wallace, M. (1982). Teaching vocabulary. London: Heinemann.
Washburn, J. W. (1992). Teaching difficult vocabulary in reading. ERIC Document Production Service No. ED 347 836.
Westbury, L.(1990). Textbooks, textbook publishers, and the quality of the school. In D. L. Elliot & A. Woodward (Eds.), Textbooks and schooling in the United States (pp. 1-22). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Wilkins, D. A. (1972). Linguistics in language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Young, J., & Reigeluth, C. M. (1988). Improving the textbook selection process. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內公開,校外永不公開 restricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.12.34.178
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 3.12.34.178
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code